Roman commander Marcus Centenius Penula
E831883
Marcus Centenius Penula was a Roman military commander of the Second Punic War, known for leading a volunteer force that was decisively defeated by Hannibal at the Battle of the Silarus.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Roman commander Marcus Centenius Penula canonical | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T9956365 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Roman commander Marcus Centenius Penula Context triple: [Battle of the Silarus, opponentCommander, Roman commander Marcus Centenius Penula]
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A.
Publius Ostorius Scapula
Publius Ostorius Scapula was a 1st-century Roman senator and general who, as governor of Britain under Emperor Claudius, led major campaigns to consolidate Roman control over the province.
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B.
Quintus Petillius Cerialis
Quintus Petillius Cerialis was a 1st-century Roman general and politician known for his campaigns in Britain and for suppressing the Batavian revolt under Emperor Vespasian.
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C.
Marcus Livius Salinator
Marcus Livius Salinator was a Roman consul and general best known for his role in defeating Hasdrubal Barca at the Battle of the Metaurus during the Second Punic War.
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D.
Lucius Cestius
Lucius Cestius was an ancient Roman figure, likely a magistrate or builder, commemorated as the namesake of the historic Ponte Cestio bridge in Rome.
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E.
Servilius Caepio
Servilius Caepio was a Roman nobleman of the late Republic, a member of the influential Servilius Caepio family and part of the broader senatorial aristocracy connected to figures like Cato the Younger.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Roman commander Marcus Centenius Penula Target entity description: Marcus Centenius Penula was a Roman military commander of the Second Punic War, known for leading a volunteer force that was decisively defeated by Hannibal at the Battle of the Silarus.
-
A.
Publius Ostorius Scapula
Publius Ostorius Scapula was a 1st-century Roman senator and general who, as governor of Britain under Emperor Claudius, led major campaigns to consolidate Roman control over the province.
-
B.
Quintus Petillius Cerialis
Quintus Petillius Cerialis was a 1st-century Roman general and politician known for his campaigns in Britain and for suppressing the Batavian revolt under Emperor Vespasian.
-
C.
Marcus Livius Salinator
Marcus Livius Salinator was a Roman consul and general best known for his role in defeating Hasdrubal Barca at the Battle of the Metaurus during the Second Punic War.
-
D.
Lucius Cestius
Lucius Cestius was an ancient Roman figure, likely a magistrate or builder, commemorated as the namesake of the historic Ponte Cestio bridge in Rome.
-
E.
Servilius Caepio
Servilius Caepio was a Roman nobleman of the late Republic, a member of the influential Servilius Caepio family and part of the broader senatorial aristocracy connected to figures like Cato the Younger.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (25)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
Roman military commander
ⓘ
ancient Roman person ⓘ person ⓘ |
| allegiance | Roman Republic NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| battle | Battle of the Silarus NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| commanded | Roman volunteer force ⓘ |
| conflictWith | Carthage NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| country | Roman Republic ⓘ |
| deathCause | killed in battle ⓘ |
| deathEvent | Battle of the Silarus NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| defeatedAt | Battle of the Silarus NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| defeatedBy | Hannibal Barca NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| era | classical antiquity ⓘ |
| historicalRegion | Italy NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| knownFor |
commanding a volunteer force against Hannibal
ⓘ
defeat at the Battle of the Silarus ⓘ |
| languageOfName | Latin ⓘ |
| militaryBranch | Roman army NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| militaryConflict | Second Punic War NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| militaryRank | commander ⓘ |
| notableFor | leading a largely inexperienced force against a veteran Carthaginian army ⓘ |
| opponent | Hannibal Barca NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| opponentForce | Carthaginian army NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| timePeriod |
3rd century BC
ⓘ
Second Punic War NERFINISHED ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Roman commander Marcus Centenius Penula Description of subject: Marcus Centenius Penula was a Roman military commander of the Second Punic War, known for leading a volunteer force that was decisively defeated by Hannibal at the Battle of the Silarus.
Referenced by (1)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.