Treaty of Indian Springs (1825)
E825499
The Treaty of Indian Springs (1825) was a controversial agreement in which Creek leader William McIntosh and a small faction ceded vast Creek lands in Georgia and Alabama to the United States, leading to his execution by fellow Creeks and intensifying Native American dispossession.
Statements (45)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf | treaty ⓘ |
| alsoKnownAs | Second Treaty of Indian Springs NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| appliesToTerritory |
Creek lands in Alabama
ⓘ
Creek lands in Georgia ⓘ |
| associatedWithPolicy |
Indian removal policy precursor
ⓘ
U.S. expansionism ⓘ |
| beneficiary |
State of Georgia
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
white settlers in Georgia and Alabama ⓘ |
| causeOfTensionWith |
Creek traditionalist leaders
ⓘ
U.S. federal–state relations over Indian policy ⓘ |
| controversial | true ⓘ |
| country |
United States of America
ⓘ
surface form:
United States
|
| CreekSignatoryLeader |
William McIntosh
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
William McIntosh, Jr. NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| dateSigned | 1825-02-12 ⓘ |
| effectOnCreeks |
forced migration of Creek communities
ⓘ
loss of ancestral homelands ⓘ |
| historicalPeriod | early 19th century United States Indian policy ⓘ |
| historicalSignificance |
example of factionalism within Native nations exploited by U.S. authorities
ⓘ
key step in dispossession of Creeks from Georgia ⓘ |
| ledTo |
accelerated removal of Creeks from Georgia
ⓘ
execution of William McIntosh ⓘ increased internal conflict within Creek Nation ⓘ |
| legalStatus | ratified by United States Senate ⓘ |
| location | Butts County, Georgia NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| opposedBy | majority of Creek National Council ⓘ |
| reasonForControversy |
large-scale land cession under pressure from U.S. and Georgia
ⓘ
signed by minority Creek faction without full national consent ⓘ |
| relatedEthnicGroup | Muscogee (Creek) Nation NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| relatedPlace |
Chattahoochee River region
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Flint River region NERFINISHED ⓘ central and western Georgia ⓘ eastern Alabama ⓘ |
| relatedToEvent |
execution of William McIntosh in 1825
ⓘ
subsequent Treaty of Washington (1826) NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| replacedBy | Treaty of Washington (1826) NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| result |
cession of most remaining Creek land in Georgia
ⓘ
cession of significant Creek land in Alabama ⓘ dispossession of many Creek people ⓘ |
| signatory |
Creek Nation faction
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
United States government NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| signedAt | Indian Springs, Georgia NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| U.S.Negotiator |
Duncan G. Campbell
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
James Meriwether NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| violatedLawOf | Creek Nation NERFINISHED ⓘ |
Referenced by (1)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.