JP-4

E790542

JP-4 is a wide-cut, kerosene-gasoline blend jet fuel formerly used extensively by the U.S. military, known for its high volatility and low flash point.

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Statements (49)

Predicate Object
instanceOf aviation fuel
jet fuel
wide-cut fuel
advantage good low-temperature starting characteristics
wide boiling range
chemicalType kerosene-gasoline blend
color water-white to straw-colored
combustionProperty readily forms flammable vapors at ambient temperatures
wide flammability limits
contains gasoline-range hydrocarbons
kerosene-range hydrocarbons
containsAdditives antioxidants
corrosion inhibitors
fuel system icing inhibitor
metal deactivators
static dissipater additives
density lower than kerosene-based jet fuels like JP-8
disadvantage high flammability hazard
higher volatility compared to kerosene-only jet fuels
increased fire risk in crashes
energyContent lower than JP-8 per unit volume
flashPoint low
flashPointApprox around −10 °F
around −23 °C
freezingPointApprox around −60 °C
handlingClassification highly flammable liquid
hydrocarbonRange approximately C4 to C16
introducedBy United States military NERFINISHED
introducedInDecade 1950s
largelyReplacedBy kerosene-based JP-8
NATOCode F-40
phaseOutReason environmental and health concerns
fire hazard in ground handling and crashes
safety concerns
primaryComponents hydrocarbons GENERATED
regulatoryConcern occupational exposure to vapors
replacedBy JP-8 NERFINISHED
replacedIn U.S. military fuel system
standardizedBy U.S. military specification
storageRequirement explosion-proof handling procedures
typicalUseStatus obsolete in U.S. military service GENERATED
usedBy U.S. Air Force NERFINISHED
U.S. Army NERFINISHED
United States military NERFINISHED
usedExtensivelyDuring Cold War era NERFINISHED
usedFor cold-weather operations
usedIn military jet aircraft
usedInConflict Vietnam War
volatility high

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