Sumerian calendar
E767166
The Sumerian calendar was one of the earliest known lunisolar calendars, developed in ancient Mesopotamia to organize religious festivals, agriculture, and civic life around the cycles of the moon and sun.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Sumerian calendar canonical | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T8925694 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Sumerian calendar Context triple: [Umma, usedCalendar, Sumerian calendar]
-
A.
Babylonian calendar
The Babylonian calendar was an ancient lunisolar timekeeping system used in Mesopotamia, structured around lunar months and intercalary months to align with the solar year and influential on later Near Eastern and Jewish calendars.
-
B.
Badíʻ calendar
The Badíʻ calendar is the unique solar calendar of the Bahá'í Faith, structured around 19 months of 19 days each and anchored by Bahá'í holy days and astronomical events like the vernal equinox.
-
C.
Saka calendar
The Saka calendar is a traditional lunisolar calendar system used in parts of South and Southeast Asia, including Bali, for determining religious festivals and ceremonial dates.
-
D.
Samaritan calendar
The Samaritan calendar is a lunisolar religious calendar used by the Samaritan community to determine the dates of their festivals and rituals, distinct from but related to the traditional Hebrew calendar.
-
E.
Babylonian chronicles
The Babylonian Chronicles are a series of ancient cuneiform tablets that record key political and military events in Babylonian history, providing one of the most important primary sources for the chronology of the ancient Near East.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Sumerian calendar Target entity description: The Sumerian calendar was one of the earliest known lunisolar calendars, developed in ancient Mesopotamia to organize religious festivals, agriculture, and civic life around the cycles of the moon and sun.
-
A.
Babylonian calendar
The Babylonian calendar was an ancient lunisolar timekeeping system used in Mesopotamia, structured around lunar months and intercalary months to align with the solar year and influential on later Near Eastern and Jewish calendars.
-
B.
Badíʻ calendar
The Badíʻ calendar is the unique solar calendar of the Bahá'í Faith, structured around 19 months of 19 days each and anchored by Bahá'í holy days and astronomical events like the vernal equinox.
-
C.
Saka calendar
The Saka calendar is a traditional lunisolar calendar system used in parts of South and Southeast Asia, including Bali, for determining religious festivals and ceremonial dates.
-
D.
Samaritan calendar
The Samaritan calendar is a lunisolar religious calendar used by the Samaritan community to determine the dates of their festivals and rituals, distinct from but related to the traditional Hebrew calendar.
-
E.
Babylonian chronicles
The Babylonian Chronicles are a series of ancient cuneiform tablets that record key political and military events in Babylonian history, providing one of the most important primary sources for the chronology of the ancient Near East.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (50)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
ancient calendar system
ⓘ
lunisolar calendar ⓘ |
| associatedWithCity | Ur (moon-god cult center) NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| associatedWithDeity | Nanna NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| basedOn |
lunar cycles
ⓘ
solar year ⓘ |
| calendarYearType | luni-solar year ⓘ |
| dayCountPerMonthBasis | synodic lunar cycle ⓘ |
| developedIn | 3rd millennium BCE ⓘ |
| earliestEvidenceFrom | Early Dynastic period NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| geographicRegion | southern Mesopotamia ⓘ |
| hasCulturalContext |
Sumerian city-state administration
ⓘ
Sumerian religion NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| hasDayCountPerMonth | 29 or 30 ⓘ |
| hasIntercalation | intercalary month ⓘ |
| hasMonthCount | 12 ⓘ |
| hasMonthType | lunar month ⓘ |
| hasTimeUnit |
day
ⓘ
month ⓘ year ⓘ |
| influenced |
Akkadian calendar
ⓘ
Babylonian calendar ⓘ later Mesopotamian calendars ⓘ |
| modernDisciplineStudies |
Assyriology
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
history of astronomy ⓘ |
| notationSystem | cuneiform script ⓘ |
| observedWith | naked-eye astronomy ⓘ |
| preceded | standard Babylonian calendar ⓘ |
| purposeOfIntercalation | to align lunar months with solar year ⓘ |
| regulatedBy |
priesthood
ⓘ
temple authorities ⓘ |
| relatedTo |
Sumerian agricultural cycle
ⓘ
Sumerian legal and economic documents ⓘ Sumerian religious festivals ⓘ |
| standardizedIn | Ur III period NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| usedBy | Sumerians NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| usedFor |
agricultural planning
ⓘ
civic administration ⓘ dating cuneiform tablets ⓘ organizing religious festivals ⓘ regulating agriculture ⓘ tax collection scheduling ⓘ timing of royal ceremonies ⓘ timing of temple rituals ⓘ |
| usedIn | ancient Mesopotamia NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| usedInCity |
Lagash
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Nippur NERFINISHED ⓘ Ur NERFINISHED ⓘ Uruk NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| usedWithNumberSystem | sexagesimal system NERFINISHED ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Sumerian calendar Description of subject: The Sumerian calendar was one of the earliest known lunisolar calendars, developed in ancient Mesopotamia to organize religious festivals, agriculture, and civic life around the cycles of the moon and sun.
Referenced by (1)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.