Battle of Poison Spring
E758774
The Battle of Poison Spring was an 1864 American Civil War engagement in Arkansas, notable for a Confederate victory and the massacre of Black Union soldiers by Confederate and allied Native American forces.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Battle of Poison Spring canonical | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T8535846 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Battle of Poison Spring Context triple: [Army of the Trans-Mississippi, engagedIn, Battle of Poison Spring]
-
A.
Battle of Wyse Fork
The Battle of Wyse Fork was a major American Civil War engagement in March 1865 near Kinston, North Carolina, where Union forces repelled a Confederate attempt to block their advance toward Goldsboro during the closing weeks of the war.
-
B.
Battle of Wahoo Swamp
The Battle of Wahoo Swamp was a major 1836 engagement in Florida between U.S. forces and Seminole warriors that highlighted the difficulty of suppressing Native resistance during the Second Seminole War.
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C.
Battle of Slim Buttes
The Battle of Slim Buttes was an 1876 engagement in the Great Sioux War in which U.S. Army forces attacked and destroyed a Miniconjou Lakota village in present-day South Dakota, marking the first significant U.S. victory after the defeat at Little Bighorn.
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D.
Battle of Amelia Springs
The Battle of Amelia Springs was a minor but strategically significant cavalry engagement during the closing days of the American Civil War, occurring as Confederate forces retreated toward Appomattox in April 1865.
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E.
Battle of Helena
The Battle of Helena was an American Civil War engagement in July 1863 in Helena, Arkansas, where Union forces repelled a Confederate attempt to relieve pressure on Vicksburg and regain control along the Mississippi River.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Battle of Poison Spring Target entity description: The Battle of Poison Spring was an 1864 American Civil War engagement in Arkansas, notable for a Confederate victory and the massacre of Black Union soldiers by Confederate and allied Native American forces.
-
A.
Battle of Wyse Fork
The Battle of Wyse Fork was a major American Civil War engagement in March 1865 near Kinston, North Carolina, where Union forces repelled a Confederate attempt to block their advance toward Goldsboro during the closing weeks of the war.
-
B.
Battle of Wahoo Swamp
The Battle of Wahoo Swamp was a major 1836 engagement in Florida between U.S. forces and Seminole warriors that highlighted the difficulty of suppressing Native resistance during the Second Seminole War.
-
C.
Battle of Slim Buttes
The Battle of Slim Buttes was an 1876 engagement in the Great Sioux War in which U.S. Army forces attacked and destroyed a Miniconjou Lakota village in present-day South Dakota, marking the first significant U.S. victory after the defeat at Little Bighorn.
-
D.
Battle of Amelia Springs
The Battle of Amelia Springs was a minor but strategically significant cavalry engagement during the closing days of the American Civil War, occurring as Confederate forces retreated toward Appomattox in April 1865.
-
E.
Battle of Helena
The Battle of Helena was an American Civil War engagement in July 1863 in Helena, Arkansas, where Union forces repelled a Confederate attempt to relieve pressure on Vicksburg and regain control along the Mississippi River.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (49)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
American Civil War battle
ⓘ
battle ⓘ |
| alsoKnownAs | Poison Spring Massacre NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| belligerent |
Black Union troops
ⓘ
Choctaw Confederate troops NERFINISHED ⓘ Confederate States of America ⓘ United States (Union) NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| causeOf | loss of Union supply wagons ⓘ |
| characterizedAs | war crime against Black Union soldiers ⓘ |
| commemoratedBy | Poison Springs Battleground State Park NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| ConfederateCasualties | approximately 114 casualties ⓘ |
| ConfederateCommander |
John S. Marmaduke
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Samuel B. Maxey NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| ConfederateStrength | approximately 3,600 men ⓘ |
| ConfederateUnit |
Marmaduke’s Cavalry Division
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Maxey’s Indian Brigade NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| conflict | American Civil War ⓘ |
| country |
United States of America
ⓘ
surface form:
United States
|
| date | April 18, 1864 ⓘ |
| followedBy | Battle of Marks’ Mills NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| hasSite | Poison Springs Battleground State Park NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| historicalPeriod | 19th century ⓘ |
| historicalRegion | Trans-Mississippi West NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| involvedEthnicGroup |
African American soldiers
ⓘ
Choctaw soldiers ⓘ other Native American Confederate troops ⓘ |
| location |
Arkansas
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Ouachita County, Arkansas NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| notableFor |
killing of Black soldiers after they attempted to surrender
ⓘ
massacre of Black Union soldiers ⓘ |
| objective | protect a Union forage train ⓘ |
| partOf |
Camden Expedition
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Red River Campaign NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| precededBy | Union occupation of Camden, Arkansas ⓘ |
| relatedTo |
Battle of Marks’ Mills
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Fort Pillow massacre NERFINISHED ⓘ racial violence in the American Civil War ⓘ |
| result | Confederate victory ⓘ |
| stateHistoricSiteOf | Arkansas state park system NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| theater | Trans-Mississippi Theater NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| UnionCasualties | approximately 301 total casualties ⓘ |
| UnionCasualtiesKilled | over 100 killed ⓘ |
| UnionCasualtiesMissing | over 100 missing or captured ⓘ |
| UnionCommander | James M. Williams NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| UnionStrength | approximately 1,100 men ⓘ |
| UnionUnit |
13th Kansas Infantry Regiment
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
1st Kansas Colored Infantry Regiment NERFINISHED ⓘ Battery E, 2nd U.S. Colored Artillery (Light) NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| year | 1864 ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Battle of Poison Spring Description of subject: The Battle of Poison Spring was an 1864 American Civil War engagement in Arkansas, notable for a Confederate victory and the massacre of Black Union soldiers by Confederate and allied Native American forces.
Referenced by (1)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.