MMPA
E74835
MMPA is a landmark U.S. environmental law enacted in 1972 to protect marine mammals and their habitats from human activities such as hunting, harassment, and incidental capture.
Statements (49)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
United States federal law
ⓘ
environmental law ⓘ wildlife protection law ⓘ |
| administeredBy |
Marine Mammal Commission
ⓘ
National Marine Fisheries Service ⓘ U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service ⓘ |
| agencyJurisdiction |
National Marine Fisheries Service
ⓘ
surface form:
National Marine Fisheries Service manages most cetaceans and pinnipeds other than walrus
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service ⓘ
surface form:
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service manages walrus, sea otters, polar bears, manatees, and dugongs
|
| allowsExceptionFor |
enhancement of survival or recovery permits
ⓘ
public display permits ⓘ scientific research permits ⓘ subsistence hunting by Alaska Natives ⓘ |
| amendedInYear |
1981
ⓘ
1988 ⓘ 1994 ⓘ |
| concept |
optimum sustainable population
ⓘ
potential biological removal ⓘ |
| country |
United States of America
ⓘ
surface form:
United States
|
| enactedBy | United States Congress ⓘ |
| enactedInYear | 1972 ⓘ |
| establishes | Marine Mammal Commission ⓘ |
| fullName |
Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972
ⓘ
surface form:
Marine Mammal Protection Act
|
| influenced | international marine mammal conservation policies ⓘ |
| jurisdiction | federal ⓘ |
| legalCitation | 16 U.S.C. §§ 1361–1423h ⓘ |
| primaryGoal |
maintain marine mammal populations at optimum sustainable population levels
ⓘ
prevent marine mammal species and population stocks from declining beyond the point where they cease to be significant functioning elements of the ecosystems of which they are a part ⓘ protect marine mammals ⓘ |
| prohibits |
import of marine mammals and marine mammal products into the United States
ⓘ
take of marine mammals by U.S. citizens on the high seas ⓘ take of marine mammals in U.S. waters ⓘ |
| protects |
dolphins
ⓘ
dugongs ⓘ manatees ⓘ porpoises ⓘ sea lions ⓘ seals ⓘ walruses ⓘ whales ⓘ |
| regulates |
commercial and scientific use of marine mammals
ⓘ
harassment of marine mammals ⓘ incidental take of marine mammals in commercial fisheries ⓘ |
| section |
Section 101 general moratorium on taking and importation
ⓘ
Section 102 prohibitions ⓘ Section 103 waivers ⓘ Section 104 permits ⓘ Section 118 commercial fisheries interactions ⓘ |
| signedBy | Richard Nixon ⓘ |
| signedInYear | 1972 ⓘ |
Referenced by (1)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.