MMPA
E74835
MMPA is a landmark U.S. environmental law enacted in 1972 to protect marine mammals and their habitats from human activities such as hunting, harassment, and incidental capture.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| MMPA canonical | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T598239 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: MMPA Context triple: [Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972, shortName, MMPA]
-
A.
MPAA film rating system
The MPAA film rating system is a standardized classification scheme used in the United States to inform audiences—especially parents—about the suitability of films for different age groups based on their content.
-
B.
MAA
MAA is the acronym for the Maryland Aviation Administration, the state agency that oversees and manages Maryland’s public-use airports, including Baltimore/Washington International Thurgood Marshall Airport.
-
C.
Motion Picture Producers and Distributors of America
The Motion Picture Producers and Distributors of America was the early 20th-century U.S. film industry trade association, led for many years by Will H. Hays, that regulated Hollywood content and represented major studios.
-
D.
MPS
MPS is a leading German research institute specializing in the study of the Sun and the solar system, operating under the Max Planck Society.
-
E.
AMA
AMA is the leading professional association and lobbying group representing physicians and medical students in the United States.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: MMPA Target entity description: MMPA is a landmark U.S. environmental law enacted in 1972 to protect marine mammals and their habitats from human activities such as hunting, harassment, and incidental capture.
-
A.
MPAA film rating system
The MPAA film rating system is a standardized classification scheme used in the United States to inform audiences—especially parents—about the suitability of films for different age groups based on their content.
-
B.
MAA
MAA is the acronym for the Maryland Aviation Administration, the state agency that oversees and manages Maryland’s public-use airports, including Baltimore/Washington International Thurgood Marshall Airport.
-
C.
Motion Picture Producers and Distributors of America
The Motion Picture Producers and Distributors of America was the early 20th-century U.S. film industry trade association, led for many years by Will H. Hays, that regulated Hollywood content and represented major studios.
-
D.
MPS
MPS is a leading German research institute specializing in the study of the Sun and the solar system, operating under the Max Planck Society.
-
E.
AMA
AMA is the leading professional association and lobbying group representing physicians and medical students in the United States.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (49)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
United States federal law
ⓘ
environmental law ⓘ wildlife protection law ⓘ |
| administeredBy |
Marine Mammal Commission
ⓘ
National Marine Fisheries Service ⓘ U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service ⓘ |
| agencyJurisdiction |
National Marine Fisheries Service
ⓘ
surface form:
National Marine Fisheries Service manages most cetaceans and pinnipeds other than walrus
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service ⓘ
surface form:
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service manages walrus, sea otters, polar bears, manatees, and dugongs
|
| allowsExceptionFor |
enhancement of survival or recovery permits
ⓘ
public display permits ⓘ scientific research permits ⓘ subsistence hunting by Alaska Natives ⓘ |
| amendedInYear |
1981
ⓘ
1988 ⓘ 1994 ⓘ |
| concept |
optimum sustainable population
ⓘ
potential biological removal ⓘ |
| country |
United States of America
ⓘ
surface form:
United States
|
| enactedBy | United States Congress ⓘ |
| enactedInYear | 1972 ⓘ |
| establishes | Marine Mammal Commission ⓘ |
| fullName |
Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972
ⓘ
surface form:
Marine Mammal Protection Act
|
| influenced | international marine mammal conservation policies ⓘ |
| jurisdiction | federal ⓘ |
| legalCitation | 16 U.S.C. §§ 1361–1423h ⓘ |
| primaryGoal |
maintain marine mammal populations at optimum sustainable population levels
ⓘ
prevent marine mammal species and population stocks from declining beyond the point where they cease to be significant functioning elements of the ecosystems of which they are a part ⓘ protect marine mammals ⓘ |
| prohibits |
import of marine mammals and marine mammal products into the United States
ⓘ
take of marine mammals by U.S. citizens on the high seas ⓘ take of marine mammals in U.S. waters ⓘ |
| protects |
dolphins
ⓘ
dugongs ⓘ manatees ⓘ porpoises ⓘ sea lions ⓘ seals ⓘ walruses ⓘ whales ⓘ |
| regulates |
commercial and scientific use of marine mammals
ⓘ
harassment of marine mammals ⓘ incidental take of marine mammals in commercial fisheries ⓘ |
| section |
Section 101 general moratorium on taking and importation
ⓘ
Section 102 prohibitions ⓘ Section 103 waivers ⓘ Section 104 permits ⓘ Section 118 commercial fisheries interactions ⓘ |
| signedBy | Richard Nixon ⓘ |
| signedInYear | 1972 ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: MMPA Description of subject: MMPA is a landmark U.S. environmental law enacted in 1972 to protect marine mammals and their habitats from human activities such as hunting, harassment, and incidental capture.
Referenced by (1)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.