Twenty-One Demands
E745296
The Twenty-One Demands were a set of 1915 ultimatums issued by Japan to China that sought extensive political and economic control, becoming a key symbol of foreign aggression during China’s Century of Humiliation.
Observed surface forms (2)
| Surface form | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Japanese Twenty-One Demands on China | 1 |
| Twenty-One Demands agreement with Japan | 1 |
Statements (50)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
diplomatic ultimatum
ⓘ
historical event ⓘ international treaty proposal ⓘ |
| aimedTo |
expand Japanese political influence in China
ⓘ
secure Japanese economic privileges in China ⓘ weaken Chinese sovereignty ⓘ |
| categorizedInChineseHistoriographyAs | unequal demands ⓘ |
| consistedOf | five groups of demands ⓘ |
| contributedTo |
May Fourth Movement
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
rise of Chinese nationalism ⓘ |
| countryOfOrigin | Empire of Japan NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| datePartialAcceptance | 1915-05-25 ⓘ |
| dateProposed | 1915-01-18 ⓘ |
| demandedFrom | Beiyang Government NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| demandType |
economic concessions
ⓘ
military and strategic concessions ⓘ political concessions ⓘ |
| group1Subject | German rights in Shandong ⓘ |
| group2Subject | South Manchuria and Eastern Inner Mongolia NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| group3Subject | Hanyeping mining and metallurgical complex NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| group4Subject | non-alienation of Chinese coastal areas ⓘ |
| group5Subject | Japanese advisers and control over Chinese politics, police, and economy ⓘ |
| groupCount | 5 ⓘ |
| hasConsequence |
deterioration of Japan–China relations
ⓘ
international criticism of Japan ⓘ |
| historicalContext | China’s Century of Humiliation NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| historicalPeriod | World War I NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| influenced | later unequal treaties imposed on China ⓘ |
| inspired | Chinese nationalist sentiment ⓘ |
| language |
Chinese
ⓘ
Japanese ⓘ |
| legalForm | diplomatic note ⓘ |
| location | Beijing NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| negotiatedAt | Japanese legation in Beijing NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| opposedBy |
Chinese public opinion
ⓘ
Great Britain NERFINISHED ⓘ United States NERFINISHED ⓘ other Western powers ⓘ |
| partiallyAcceptedBy | Yuan Shikai government NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| partiallyRejectedBy | Yuan Shikai government NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| perceivedAs |
symbol of foreign aggression in China
ⓘ
violation of Chinese sovereignty ⓘ |
| presentedBy | Hioki Eki ⓘ |
| presentedTo | Yuan Shikai NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| relatedTo |
Japanese imperialism
ⓘ
Shandong Question NERFINISHED ⓘ Twenty-One Demands (Japan–China relations) NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| resultedIn | Treaty of May 25, 1915 NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| statusOfGroup5 | not fully accepted ⓘ |
| targetedCountry | Republic of China NERFINISHED ⓘ |
Referenced by (3)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
this entity surface form:
Japanese Twenty-One Demands on China
this entity surface form:
Twenty-One Demands agreement with Japan