trial by combat
E741109
Trial by combat was a medieval judicial practice in which disputing parties settled legal accusations through armed combat, with the outcome believed to reflect divine judgment.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| trial by combat canonical | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T8540443 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: trial by combat Context triple: [Jean de Carrouges, legalStatusOfDuel, trial by combat]
-
A.
Trial by Combat
"Trial by Combat" is a short story by Shirley Jackson that explores themes of paranoia, social tension, and the fragility of civility in everyday life.
-
B.
Trial by Battle
"Trial by Battle" is a historical study by British jurist and historian Lord Sumption examining the origins and early phases of the Hundred Years' War between England and France.
-
C.
duel of the Horatii and Curiatii
The duel of the Horatii and Curiatii is a legendary early Roman combat between two sets of triplet brothers that decided a war between Rome and Alba Longa.
-
D.
Soest Feud
The Soest Feud was a 15th-century conflict in which the town of Soest broke away from the ecclesiastical rule of the Archbishop of Cologne, significantly weakening the Duchy of Westphalia’s territorial control.
-
E.
Battle of Brienne
The Battle of Brienne was a Napoleonic engagement fought in January 1814 in northeastern France, where Napoleon attempted to check the advancing Allied armies during the French campaign of 1814.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: trial by combat Target entity description: Trial by combat was a medieval judicial practice in which disputing parties settled legal accusations through armed combat, with the outcome believed to reflect divine judgment.
-
A.
Trial by Combat
"Trial by Combat" is a short story by Shirley Jackson that explores themes of paranoia, social tension, and the fragility of civility in everyday life.
-
B.
Trial by Battle
"Trial by Battle" is a historical study by British jurist and historian Lord Sumption examining the origins and early phases of the Hundred Years' War between England and France.
-
C.
duel of the Horatii and Curiatii
The duel of the Horatii and Curiatii is a legendary early Roman combat between two sets of triplet brothers that decided a war between Rome and Alba Longa.
-
D.
Soest Feud
The Soest Feud was a 15th-century conflict in which the town of Soest broke away from the ecclesiastical rule of the Archbishop of Cologne, significantly weakening the Duchy of Westphalia’s territorial control.
-
E.
Battle of Brienne
The Battle of Brienne was a Napoleonic engagement fought in January 1814 in northeastern France, where Napoleon attempted to check the advancing Allied armies during the French campaign of 1814.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (49)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
judicial practice
ⓘ
legal procedure ⓘ ordeal ⓘ |
| abolishedIn | England NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| abolishedYear | 1819 ⓘ |
| allowedRepresentationBy | champion ⓘ |
| alsoKnownAs |
judicial duel
ⓘ
trial by battle ⓘ |
| appearsIn |
chivalric epics
ⓘ
medieval romances ⓘ |
| associatedWith |
chivalric culture
ⓘ
honor culture ⓘ ordeal by fire ⓘ ordeal by water ⓘ |
| basedOnBeliefIn |
God’s intervention
ⓘ
divine judgment ⓘ |
| decisionRule |
defeat or death implied guilt
ⓘ
victor deemed to have just cause ⓘ |
| declineReason |
church opposition to ordeals
ⓘ
increasing use of written evidence ⓘ rise of rational legal procedures ⓘ |
| influenced |
dueling traditions
ⓘ
literary depictions of chivalry ⓘ |
| legalContext |
Germanic customary law
ⓘ
common law (early English) ⓘ feudal law ⓘ |
| legalSystemType | medieval European law ⓘ |
| method | armed combat between parties ⓘ |
| notableCase | Carrouges–Le Gris duel NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| notableCaseYear | 1386 ⓘ |
| participants |
accuser
ⓘ
champion ⓘ defendant ⓘ |
| practicedIn |
Holy Roman Empire
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
medieval England NERFINISHED ⓘ medieval Europe ⓘ medieval France NERFINISHED ⓘ medieval Germanic territories ⓘ |
| regulatedBy |
feudal courts
ⓘ
royal courts ⓘ |
| timePeriod | Middle Ages ⓘ |
| typicalArmor |
mail armor
ⓘ
plate armor ⓘ |
| typicalWeapons |
club
ONNER
ⓘ
lance ONNER ⓘ sword ⓘ |
| usedFor |
determining guilt or innocence
ⓘ
resolving accusations ⓘ resolving legal disputes ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: trial by combat Description of subject: Trial by combat was a medieval judicial practice in which disputing parties settled legal accusations through armed combat, with the outcome believed to reflect divine judgment.
Referenced by (1)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.