Appointments Clause

E721998

clause of the United States Constitution constitutional provision

The Appointments Clause is a provision of the U.S. Constitution that governs how federal officers are selected, specifying the roles of the President, Senate, and, in some cases, heads of departments or courts in appointing officials.

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Observed surface forms (1)

Surface form	Occurrences
United States Constitution appointments clause	1

Statements (45)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	clause of the United States Constitution ⓘ constitutional provision ⓘ
aimsTo	ensure separation of powers in federal appointments ⓘ prevent unilateral appointment power ⓘ
appliesTo	Officers of the United States NERFINISHED ⓘ
appliesToOfficeType	certain independent agency officials ⓘ executive branch officers ⓘ federal judicial officers where specified by statute ⓘ
category	United States constitutional law ⓘ
citedInCase	Buckley v. Valeo NERFINISHED ⓘ Edmond v. United States NERFINISHED ⓘ Freytag v. Commissioner NERFINISHED ⓘ Lucia v. SEC NERFINISHED ⓘ Morrison v. Olson NERFINISHED ⓘ Seila Law LLC v. CFPB NERFINISHED ⓘ United States v. Arthrex, Inc. NERFINISHED ⓘ
constrains	Congress’s power to appoint executive and judicial officers ⓘ President’s power to appoint officers without Senate consent ⓘ
country	United States of America ⓘ
dateOfOrigin	1787 ⓘ
definesRoleOf	President of the United States ⓘ United States Senate NERFINISHED ⓘ courts of law ⓘ heads of departments ⓘ
distinguishesBetween	inferior officers ⓘ principal officers ⓘ
draftedAt	Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia NERFINISHED ⓘ
ensures	Senate participation in selection of principal officers ⓘ political accountability for appointments ⓘ
foundIn	Article II, Section 2, Clause 2 of the United States Constitution NERFINISHED ⓘ
governs	appointment of federal officers ⓘ
hasTextBeginning	"[The President] shall nominate, and by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, shall appoint..." ⓘ
influencedBy	British crown appointment practices ⓘ concerns about executive patronage ⓘ
interpretedBy	Supreme Court of the United States ⓘ
language	English ⓘ
legalEffect	invalidates appointments made contrary to its procedures ⓘ
partOf	Article II of the United States Constitution NERFINISHED ⓘ
permits	Congress to vest appointment of inferior officers in the President alone ⓘ Congress to vest appointment of inferior officers in the courts of law ⓘ Congress to vest appointment of inferior officers in the heads of departments ⓘ
relatedTo	Advice and Consent Clause NERFINISHED ⓘ Separation of powers in the United States ⓘ
requires	Presidential nomination of principal officers ⓘ Senate advice and consent for principal officers ⓘ

Referenced by (3)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Myers v. United States → legalIssue → Appointments Clause ⓘ

Myers v. United States → constitutionalProvisionInterpreted → Appointments Clause ⓘ

Undersecretary of Agriculture of the United States → appointedUnder → Appointments Clause ⓘ

this entity surface form: United States Constitution appointments clause