Empty Fort Strategy

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The Empty Fort Strategy is a famous Chinese military stratagem, attributed to Zhuge Liang, in which one feigns calm confidence and vulnerability to deceive a stronger enemy into retreating.

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Statements (47)

Predicate Object
instanceOf Chinese stratagem
Three Kingdoms-era stratagem
military stratagem
psychological warfare tactic
aimsTo avoid direct confrontation
induce enemy retreat
appliedIn business strategy metaphors
military strategy
negotiation tactics
associatedWithEvent defense of Xicheng by Zhuge Liang
attributedTo Zhuge Liang NERFINISHED
category Thirty-Six Stratagems NERFINISHED
coreTactic deception of a stronger enemy
deliberate display of vulnerability
feigned calmness in the face of danger
dependsOn enemy commander’s caution
enemy commander’s respect for the defender’s abilities
describedIn Romance of the Three Kingdoms NERFINISHED
hasAlternativeName Empty City Stratagem NERFINISHED
Empty City Strategy NERFINISHED
hasChineseName 空城计 NERFINISHED
historicalContext Three Kingdoms period of China NERFINISHED
influenced later Chinese military thought
involves bluffing
exploiting enemy overcaution
risk-taking
listedAs Stratagem 32 in the Thirty-Six Stratagems NERFINISHED
opponentDeceived Sima Yi NERFINISHED
referencedIn Chinese folklore
Chinese opera
Chinese popular culture
reliesOn commander’s reputation
enemy fear of ambush
enemy suspicion
psychological intimidation
requires accurate assessment of enemy psychology
disciplined performance of calm behavior
risk catastrophic defeat if enemy calls the bluff
teaches importance of reputation in warfare
use of deception to compensate for weakness
value of psychological advantage over numerical strength
typicalAction commander appearing relaxed and unguarded
engaging in leisurely activities such as playing a zither
opening city gates
removing visible defenses
typicalSetting apparently undefended city or fort
usedBy Zhuge Liang NERFINISHED

Referenced by (1)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Zhuge Liang knownFor Empty Fort Strategy