On Crimes and Punishments
E69844
On Crimes and Punishments is an influential 18th-century treatise that laid the foundations of modern criminal law and penology by arguing for rational, proportionate punishment and against torture and the death penalty.
All labels observed (3)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| On Crimes and Punishments canonical | 2 |
| crime and punishment | 2 |
| The Rationale of Punishment | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T556378 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: On Crimes and Punishments Context triple: [Cesare Beccaria, notableWork, On Crimes and Punishments]
-
A.
The Lower Depths
The Lower Depths is a seminal 1902 play by Russian writer Maksim Gorky that portrays the harsh lives and moral struggles of impoverished lodgers in a flophouse.
-
B.
The Life of Klim Samgin
The Life of Klim Samgin is a multi-volume novel by Russian writer Maksim Gorky that chronicles the life of an intellectual protagonist against the backdrop of Russia’s social and political upheavals from the late 19th century to the 1917 Revolution.
-
C.
Confession of Mikhail Bakunin
Confession of Mikhail Bakunin is a political and autobiographical text in which the Russian anarchist thinker recounts his life, beliefs, and revolutionary activities, written as a self-justifying statement after his arrest.
-
D.
The Death of Ivan Ilyich
The Death of Ivan Ilyich is a novella by Leo Tolstoy that explores the existential and spiritual crisis of a dying Russian judge confronting the meaning of his life.
-
E.
The Confessions of Felix Krull
The Confessions of Felix Krull is a picaresque novel by Thomas Mann that humorously chronicles the rise of a charming con artist through society by means of deception and role‑playing.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: On Crimes and Punishments Target entity description: On Crimes and Punishments is an influential 18th-century treatise that laid the foundations of modern criminal law and penology by arguing for rational, proportionate punishment and against torture and the death penalty.
-
A.
The Lower Depths
The Lower Depths is a seminal 1902 play by Russian writer Maksim Gorky that portrays the harsh lives and moral struggles of impoverished lodgers in a flophouse.
-
B.
The Life of Klim Samgin
The Life of Klim Samgin is a multi-volume novel by Russian writer Maksim Gorky that chronicles the life of an intellectual protagonist against the backdrop of Russia’s social and political upheavals from the late 19th century to the 1917 Revolution.
-
C.
Confession of Mikhail Bakunin
Confession of Mikhail Bakunin is a political and autobiographical text in which the Russian anarchist thinker recounts his life, beliefs, and revolutionary activities, written as a self-justifying statement after his arrest.
-
D.
The Death of Ivan Ilyich
The Death of Ivan Ilyich is a novella by Leo Tolstoy that explores the existential and spiritual crisis of a dying Russian judge confronting the meaning of his life.
-
E.
The Confessions of Felix Krull
The Confessions of Felix Krull is a picaresque novel by Thomas Mann that humorously chronicles the rise of a charming con artist through society by means of deception and role‑playing.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (50)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
book
ⓘ
legal philosophy work ⓘ treatise ⓘ |
| advocates |
deterrence-based punishment
ⓘ
legality principle ⓘ proportional punishment ⓘ |
| aimOfPunishment |
general deterrence
ⓘ
prevention of crime ⓘ |
| author | Cesare Beccaria ⓘ |
| callsFor |
clear written laws
ⓘ
limitation of judicial interpretation ⓘ public trials ⓘ |
| century | 18th century ⓘ |
| countryOfOrigin | Italy ⓘ |
| criticizes |
disproportionate penalties
ⓘ
inquisitorial procedures ⓘ secret accusations ⓘ |
| genre |
legal treatise
ⓘ
penology ⓘ political philosophy ⓘ |
| historicalSignificance |
foundation of classical criminology
ⓘ
major influence on penal reform debates ⓘ milestone in abolition of torture ⓘ |
| influenced |
American criminal justice system
ⓘ
European penal reforms ⓘ classical school of criminology ⓘ modern criminal law ⓘ modern penology ⓘ utilitarian legal theory ⓘ |
| influencedBy |
Enlightenment rationalism
ⓘ
utilitarianism ⓘ |
| keyConcept |
celerity of punishment
ⓘ
certainty of punishment ⓘ nulla poena sine lege ⓘ nullum crimen sine lege ⓘ presumption of innocence ⓘ proportionality of punishment ⓘ social contract ⓘ |
| language | Italian ⓘ |
| mainSubject |
criminal justice reform
ⓘ
criminal law ⓘ penology ⓘ |
| opposes |
arbitrary judicial discretion
ⓘ
death penalty ⓘ torture ⓘ |
| originalTitle | Dei delitti e delle pene ⓘ |
| philosophicalMovement |
Age of Enlightenment
ⓘ
surface form:
Enlightenment
|
| positionOnDeathPenalty | abolitionist ⓘ |
| positionOnTorture | abolitionist ⓘ |
| publicationYear | 1764 ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: On Crimes and Punishments Description of subject: On Crimes and Punishments is an influential 18th-century treatise that laid the foundations of modern criminal law and penology by arguing for rational, proportionate punishment and against torture and the death penalty.
Referenced by (5)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
this entity surface form:
The Rationale of Punishment
this entity surface form:
crime and punishment
this entity surface form:
crime and punishment