Area X of the basal ganglia
E675116
Area X of the basal ganglia is a specialized songbird basal ganglia nucleus crucial for song learning and production, integrating cortical-like input from HVC within the song control circuit.
Statements (46)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
brain nucleus
ⓘ
songbird basal ganglia nucleus ⓘ striatal-pallidal nucleus ⓘ |
| contains |
cholinergic interneurons
ⓘ
medium spiny neurons ⓘ pallidal-like neurons ⓘ |
| criticalFor | accurate imitation of tutor song ⓘ |
| discoveredInContextOf | songbird song system mapping ⓘ |
| expresses |
D1 dopamine receptors
ⓘ
D2 dopamine receptors ⓘ |
| foundInTaxon |
songbirds
ⓘ
zebra finch NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| hasCytoarchitecture | intermingled striatal-like and pallidal-like neurons ⓘ |
| hasFunction |
reinforcement-based vocal learning
ⓘ
sensorimotor integration for song ⓘ song learning ⓘ song production ⓘ vocal motor variability ⓘ |
| hasRole |
action selection for vocal sequences
ⓘ
timing and sequencing of song syllables ⓘ |
| homologousTo |
mammalian basal ganglia
ⓘ
mammalian globus pallidus ⓘ mammalian striatum ⓘ |
| involvedIn |
adult song plasticity
ⓘ
developmental song learning ⓘ error-driven modification of song ⓘ |
| lesionEffect |
impairment of song learning in juveniles
ⓘ
reduction of song variability in adults ⓘ |
| locatedIn |
avian brain
ⓘ
medial striatum ⓘ |
| neurotransmitter |
GABA
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
dopamine ⓘ |
| partOf |
anterior forebrain pathway
ⓘ
corticobasal ganglia-thalamo-cortical loop in songbirds ⓘ song control system ⓘ |
| projectsTo |
medial portion of the dorsolateral thalamic nucleus
ⓘ
pallidal-like neurons in Area X output ⓘ |
| receivesInputFrom |
HVC
ⓘ
cortical-like HVC projection neurons ⓘ dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta ⓘ dopaminergic neurons of the ventral tegmental area ⓘ lateral magnocellular nucleus of the anterior nidopallium NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| roleInCircuit | integrates cortical-like input from HVC with basal ganglia processing ⓘ |
| studiedIn | vocal learning research ⓘ |
| usedAsModelFor |
basal ganglia mechanisms of motor learning
ⓘ
neural basis of vocal learning ⓘ |
Referenced by (1)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.