Parker immunity
E666879
Parker immunity is a U.S. antitrust doctrine that shields states and, in some cases, private parties acting under state authority from liability under federal antitrust laws.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Parker immunity canonical | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T7476531 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Parker immunity Context triple: [Noerr-Pennington doctrine, relatedTo, Parker immunity]
-
A.
Parker v. Davis
Parker v. Davis was a post–Civil War U.S. Supreme Court case that addressed the constitutionality of making paper money legal tender for preexisting debts under the Legal Tender Acts.
-
B.
Parker's Back
"Parker's Back" is a short story by Flannery O'Connor that explores themes of faith, identity, and grace through the experiences of a heavily tattooed Southern man seeking spiritual meaning.
-
C.
Parker on the Web
Parker on the Web is an online platform providing high-resolution digital access to the medieval and early modern manuscripts of the Parker Library at Corpus Christi College, Cambridge.
-
D.
Berman v. Parker
Berman v. Parker is a landmark 1954 U.S. Supreme Court case that broadly interpreted the government’s power of eminent domain under the Fifth Amendment to allow property takings for comprehensive redevelopment and public-purpose projects.
-
E.
Parker
Parker is a common English surname borne by numerous notable individuals across fields such as politics, sports, arts, and science.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Parker immunity Target entity description: Parker immunity is a U.S. antitrust doctrine that shields states and, in some cases, private parties acting under state authority from liability under federal antitrust laws.
-
A.
Parker v. Davis
Parker v. Davis was a post–Civil War U.S. Supreme Court case that addressed the constitutionality of making paper money legal tender for preexisting debts under the Legal Tender Acts.
-
B.
Parker's Back
"Parker's Back" is a short story by Flannery O'Connor that explores themes of faith, identity, and grace through the experiences of a heavily tattooed Southern man seeking spiritual meaning.
-
C.
Parker on the Web
Parker on the Web is an online platform providing high-resolution digital access to the medieval and early modern manuscripts of the Parker Library at Corpus Christi College, Cambridge.
-
D.
Berman v. Parker
Berman v. Parker is a landmark 1954 U.S. Supreme Court case that broadly interpreted the government’s power of eminent domain under the Fifth Amendment to allow property takings for comprehensive redevelopment and public-purpose projects.
-
E.
Parker
Parker is a common English surname borne by numerous notable individuals across fields such as politics, sports, arts, and science.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (45)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
U.S. antitrust doctrine
ⓘ
state action doctrine ⓘ |
| alsoKnownAs |
Parker state action immunity
ⓘ
state action immunity ⓘ |
| appliesTo |
sovereign acts of a state
ⓘ
state-directed anticompetitive conduct ⓘ |
| appliesWhen |
state has clearly articulated and affirmatively expressed a policy to displace competition
ⓘ
state policy is actively supervised in cases involving private actors ⓘ |
| basedOn | Parker v. Brown, 317 U.S. 341 (1943) NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| constitutionalBasis |
federalism principles
ⓘ
state sovereignty ⓘ |
| constrains | application of federal antitrust enforcement to state-directed conduct ⓘ |
| corePrinciple | federal antitrust laws do not apply to anticompetitive restraints imposed by the states as sovereigns ⓘ |
| distinguishedFrom | Noerr-Pennington doctrine NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| doesNotAutomaticallyApplyTo |
municipalities
ⓘ
private parties ⓘ |
| doesNotProtect |
conduct not pursuant to a clearly articulated state policy
ⓘ
purely private anticompetitive conduct without state authorization ⓘ |
| interpretedBy | U.S. Supreme Court NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| jurisdiction |
United States of America
ⓘ
surface form:
United States
|
| legalDomain |
antitrust law
ⓘ
competition law ⓘ federal law ⓘ |
| legalEffect |
bars federal antitrust damages liability when requirements are met
ⓘ
can bar injunctive relief under federal antitrust laws when requirements are met ⓘ |
| limitsLiabilityUnder |
Sherman Antitrust Act
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
federal antitrust laws ⓘ |
| namedAfter | Parker v. Brown NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| oftenInvokedIn |
cases involving local government economic regulation
ⓘ
cases involving professional licensing boards ⓘ cases involving public utilities regulation ⓘ |
| policyRationale |
preservation of state sovereignty in economic regulation
ⓘ
respect for state regulatory choices ⓘ |
| relatedTo |
federal preemption in antitrust
ⓘ
state action doctrine in constitutional law ⓘ |
| requires |
active state supervision in some cases
ⓘ
clear articulation of state policy ⓘ state action ⓘ |
| requiresForMunicipalities | clear articulation of state policy ⓘ |
| requiresForPrivateParties | clear articulation and active supervision ⓘ |
| shields |
municipalities under certain conditions
ⓘ
private parties acting under state authority under certain conditions ⓘ state agencies ⓘ state officials ⓘ states ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Parker immunity Description of subject: Parker immunity is a U.S. antitrust doctrine that shields states and, in some cases, private parties acting under state authority from liability under federal antitrust laws.
Referenced by (1)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.