Bowring Treaty
E632935
The Bowring Treaty was an 1855 agreement between Siam and Britain that opened Siam to free trade, granted extraterritorial rights to British subjects, and marked a major turning point in the kingdom’s modernization and integration into the global economy.
Statements (47)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
bilateral treaty
ⓘ
historical event ⓘ trade agreement ⓘ |
| category |
1855 in international relations
ⓘ
Thailand–United Kingdom relations NERFINISHED ⓘ Treaties of Siam ⓘ Treaties of the United Kingdom ⓘ |
| countryAtTime | Kingdom of Siam NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| economicEffect |
increased foreign commercial presence in Siam
ⓘ
integrated Siam into the global economy ⓘ opened Siam to free trade ⓘ stimulated rice exports from Siam ⓘ |
| grantedRight |
consular jurisdiction over British subjects
ⓘ
extraterritoriality ⓘ freedom of trade for British merchants ⓘ freedom of travel for British subjects within Siam ⓘ |
| grantedTo | British subjects ⓘ |
| historicalSignificance |
key step in Siam’s integration into the world economy
ⓘ
major turning point in Siam’s modernization ⓘ model for later treaties with other Western powers ⓘ |
| imposedPolicyChange | abolition of royal trade monopolies ⓘ |
| imposedPolicyChange |
introduction of fixed low tariff rates
ⓘ
permission for foreigners to own or lease land in designated areas ⓘ |
| imposedPolicyChange | reduction of import duties ⓘ |
| languageOfDocument |
English
ⓘ
Thai ⓘ |
| ledTo | subsequent unequal treaties between Siam and Western powers ⓘ |
| legalProvision |
ban on export monopolies by the Siamese crown
ⓘ
fixed import duty of around 3 percent on most goods ⓘ requirement that disputes involving British subjects be tried in British consular courts ⓘ |
| modernCountry | Thailand NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| namedAfter | Sir John Bowring NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| politicalEffect |
contributed to Siam’s semi-colonial status in legal matters
ⓘ
increased British influence in Siam ⓘ limited Siamese judicial authority over British subjects ⓘ |
| precededBy | Burney Treaty NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| regionAffected |
Bangkok
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Chao Phraya River basin NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| relatedToPolicy |
liberalization of Siamese foreign trade
ⓘ
modernization reforms of King Mongkut ⓘ |
| signatoryDiplomat | Sir John Bowring NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| signatoryMonarch | King Mongkut NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| signatoryState |
Siam
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
United Kingdom NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| signedInCentury | 19th century ⓘ |
| signedOn | 1855 ⓘ |
| signedUnderReignOf | King Mongkut NERFINISHED ⓘ |
Referenced by (3)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.