MMP
E589763
MMP is a hybrid electoral system that combines single-member district representation with proportional party lists to align a legislature’s overall seat distribution with parties’ share of the vote.
Statements (47)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
electoral system
ⓘ
mixed electoral system ⓘ |
| abbreviationFor | mixed-member proportional representation ⓘ |
| adoptedInNewZealand | 1993 ⓘ |
| aimsTo | align legislature seat distribution with parties’ share of the vote ⓘ |
| ballotStructure | separate vote for local candidate and party list ⓘ |
| canInclude |
leveling seats to restore proportionality
ⓘ
overhang seats ⓘ |
| category | proportional electoral system with local representation ⓘ |
| compensationMechanism | top-up seats from party lists ⓘ |
| compensatoryType | additional-member system ⓘ |
| contrastedWith |
first-past-the-post system
ⓘ
pure list proportional representation ⓘ |
| differsFrom | mixed-member majoritarian system by ensuring overall proportionality ⓘ |
| districtTier | single-member constituencies ⓘ |
| feature |
one vote for a local district candidate
ⓘ
one vote for a party list ⓘ voters typically have two votes ⓘ |
| firstMajorUse | Federal Republic of Germany after World War II NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| firstNewZealandElection | 1996 ⓘ |
| fullName | mixed-member proportional representation ⓘ |
| goal |
maintain local geographic representation
ⓘ
reduce disproportionality compared with pure plurality systems ⓘ |
| hasComponent |
proportional representation
ⓘ
single-member district representation ⓘ |
| listTier | regional or national party lists ⓘ |
| originatedIn | Germany NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| relatedConcept | mixed-member majoritarian system ⓘ |
| requires | party list ranking of candidates ⓘ |
| seatAllocationMethod |
district seats filled first
ⓘ
list seats used to compensate for disproportionality ⓘ overall proportionality based primarily on party list votes ⓘ |
| tendsToProduce |
coalition governments
ⓘ
multi-party legislatures ⓘ |
| typicalThreshold |
5% of party vote in some implementations
ⓘ
winning at least one constituency seat in some implementations ⓘ |
| usedFor |
national parliamentary elections in some countries
ⓘ
subnational or regional legislatures in some countries ⓘ |
| usedInCountry |
Bolivia
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Germany ⓘ Lesotho NERFINISHED ⓘ Mexico (some chambers and levels) ⓘ New Zealand ⓘ Scotland NERFINISHED ⓘ Wales NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| uses |
party lists
ⓘ
single-member districts ⓘ |
Referenced by (1)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.