2013 North India floods
E580989
The 2013 North India floods were a devastating series of cloudburst-triggered flash floods and landslides, particularly in Uttarakhand, that caused massive loss of life, widespread destruction, and one of the largest rescue operations in India’s history.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| 2013 North India floods canonical | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T6262133 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: 2013 North India floods Context triple: [Operation Rahat, conflict, 2013 North India floods]
-
A.
2008 Kosi flood
The 2008 Kosi flood was a catastrophic river flood in northern India and Nepal that displaced millions of people and caused widespread destruction when the Kosi River dramatically changed its course.
-
B.
Bengal famine of 1943
The Bengal famine of 1943 was a catastrophic wartime food crisis in British-ruled India that led to the deaths of an estimated three million people and exposed the devastating impact of colonial policies on food security.
-
C.
Bengal famine of 1770
The Bengal famine of 1770 was a catastrophic food crisis in the Bengal region of British India that killed millions and severely disrupted the agrarian economy under early colonial rule.
-
D.
1964 Rameswaram cyclone
The 1964 Rameswaram cyclone was a devastating tropical storm that struck southern India and Sri Lanka, causing massive destruction, thousands of deaths, and significant damage to infrastructure in the region.
-
E.
Cyclone Nargis
Cyclone Nargis was a devastating 2008 tropical cyclone that struck Myanmar, causing catastrophic flooding and one of the deadliest natural disasters in the country's history.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: 2013 North India floods Target entity description: The 2013 North India floods were a devastating series of cloudburst-triggered flash floods and landslides, particularly in Uttarakhand, that caused massive loss of life, widespread destruction, and one of the largest rescue operations in India’s history.
-
A.
2008 Kosi flood
The 2008 Kosi flood was a catastrophic river flood in northern India and Nepal that displaced millions of people and caused widespread destruction when the Kosi River dramatically changed its course.
-
B.
Bengal famine of 1943
The Bengal famine of 1943 was a catastrophic wartime food crisis in British-ruled India that led to the deaths of an estimated three million people and exposed the devastating impact of colonial policies on food security.
-
C.
Bengal famine of 1770
The Bengal famine of 1770 was a catastrophic food crisis in the Bengal region of British India that killed millions and severely disrupted the agrarian economy under early colonial rule.
-
D.
1964 Rameswaram cyclone
The 1964 Rameswaram cyclone was a devastating tropical storm that struck southern India and Sri Lanka, causing massive destruction, thousands of deaths, and significant damage to infrastructure in the region.
-
E.
Cyclone Nargis
Cyclone Nargis was a devastating 2008 tropical cyclone that struck Myanmar, causing catastrophic flooding and one of the deadliest natural disasters in the country's history.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (84)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
monsoon disaster
ⓘ
natural disaster ⓘ |
| affectedAreaType |
Himalayan region
ⓘ
hill districts ⓘ pilgrimage towns ⓘ |
| affectedRiver |
Alaknanda River
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Bhagirathi River NERFINISHED ⓘ Ganges NERFINISHED ⓘ Mandakini River NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| aircraftUsed |
helicopters
ⓘ
transport aircraft ⓘ |
| category |
2013 disasters in India
ⓘ
Floods in India ⓘ Landslides in India ⓘ Natural disasters in Uttarakhand ⓘ |
| cause |
cloudburst
ⓘ
early and intense monsoon ⓘ flash floods ⓘ heavy monsoon rainfall ⓘ landslides ⓘ river flooding ⓘ |
| country | India ⓘ |
| deathTollEstimate | over 5,000 people ⓘ |
| deathTollOfficialUttarakhand | around 5,700 people presumed dead ⓘ |
| displacedPeopleEstimate | tens of thousands ⓘ |
| economicDamageCurrency | INR ⓘ |
| economicDamageEstimate | tens of billions of Indian rupees ⓘ |
| endTime | 2013-06-17 ⓘ |
| evacuatedPeopleEstimate | over 100,000 people ⓘ |
| followUpAction |
Supreme Court of India scrutiny of hydropower projects in Uttarakhand
ⓘ
calls for stricter regulation of construction in ecologically sensitive zones ⓘ recommendations for better disaster management in Himalayan states ⓘ |
| governmentResponse |
announcement of compensation for victims
ⓘ
deployment of armed forces and disaster response teams ⓘ launch of rehabilitation and reconstruction programs ⓘ review of hydropower and development projects in Uttarakhand ⓘ |
| impact |
closure of Kedarnath shrine for months
ⓘ
damage to hydropower projects ⓘ disruption of road connectivity in Uttarakhand ⓘ loss of livelihood for local communities dependent on tourism ⓘ severe damage to Char Dham pilgrimage routes ⓘ soil erosion and geomorphological changes ⓘ |
| location |
Delhi
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Haryana NERFINISHED ⓘ Himachal Pradesh NERFINISHED ⓘ Nepal NERFINISHED ⓘ North India NERFINISHED ⓘ Tibet NERFINISHED ⓘ Uttar Pradesh NERFINISHED ⓘ Uttarakhand NERFINISHED ⓘ Western Nepal NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| mainlyAffectedRegion | Uttarakhand NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| month | June 2013 ⓘ |
| notableAffectedPlace |
Badrinath
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Chamoli district NERFINISHED ⓘ Gangotri NERFINISHED ⓘ Hemkund Sahib NERFINISHED ⓘ Kedarnath NERFINISHED ⓘ Pithoragarh district NERFINISHED ⓘ Rudraprayag district NERFINISHED ⓘ Uttarkashi district NERFINISHED ⓘ Valley of Flowers National Park NERFINISHED ⓘ Yamunotri NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| notableFeature |
extensive damage to pilgrimage infrastructure
ⓘ
large number of stranded pilgrims and tourists ⓘ large-scale damage to buildings and hotels along riverbanks ⓘ massive destruction of roads and bridges ⓘ one of the worst natural disasters in India since the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami ⓘ triggered debate on climate change impacts on monsoon patterns ⓘ triggered debate on unplanned development in fragile Himalayan zones ⓘ |
| operationName | Operation Rahat NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| peopleAffectedEstimate | hundreds of thousands ⓘ |
| peopleMissingEstimate | thousands ⓘ |
| relatedEvent | 2013 Uttarakhand floods NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| relatedTo |
Indian monsoon
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
climate change ⓘ |
| rescueLedBy |
Border Roads Organisation
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Indian Air Force NERFINISHED ⓘ Indian Army NERFINISHED ⓘ Indo-Tibetan Border Police NERFINISHED ⓘ National Disaster Response Force NERFINISHED ⓘ state police forces ⓘ |
| rescueOperation | one of the largest rescue operations in India’s history ⓘ |
| startTime | 2013-06-14 ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: 2013 North India floods Description of subject: The 2013 North India floods were a devastating series of cloudburst-triggered flash floods and landslides, particularly in Uttarakhand, that caused massive loss of life, widespread destruction, and one of the largest rescue operations in India’s history.
Referenced by (1)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.