Howard Martin Temin
E569067
Howard Martin Temin was an American virologist and Nobel laureate renowned for discovering reverse transcriptase and helping establish the provirus theory of cancer.
All labels observed (2)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Howard Martin Temin canonical | 1 |
| Howard Temin | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T6097270 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Howard Martin Temin Context triple: [Renato Dulbecco, sharedNobelPrizeWith, Howard Martin Temin]
-
A.
Jacob Varmus
Jacob Varmus is an American jazz trumpeter, composer, and bandleader known for his work in the New York City jazz scene.
-
B.
Christopher Varmus
Christopher Varmus is one of the sons of Nobel Prize–winning American cancer researcher and former NIH director Harold Varmus.
-
C.
J. Michael Bishop
J. Michael Bishop is an American immunologist and microbiologist who shared the 1989 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discovering the cellular origin of retroviral oncogenes, fundamentally advancing cancer biology.
-
D.
Harold Varmus
Harold Varmus is a Nobel Prize–winning American cancer researcher and former director of the National Institutes of Health and the National Cancer Institute.
-
E.
Harvey Shine
Harvey Shine is the middle-aged, down-on-his-luck jingle writer portrayed by Dustin Hoffman in the romantic drama film "Last Chance Harvey."
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Howard Martin Temin Target entity description: Howard Martin Temin was an American virologist and Nobel laureate renowned for discovering reverse transcriptase and helping establish the provirus theory of cancer.
-
A.
Jacob Varmus
Jacob Varmus is an American jazz trumpeter, composer, and bandleader known for his work in the New York City jazz scene.
-
B.
Christopher Varmus
Christopher Varmus is one of the sons of Nobel Prize–winning American cancer researcher and former NIH director Harold Varmus.
-
C.
J. Michael Bishop
J. Michael Bishop is an American immunologist and microbiologist who shared the 1989 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discovering the cellular origin of retroviral oncogenes, fundamentally advancing cancer biology.
-
D.
Harold Varmus
Harold Varmus is a Nobel Prize–winning American cancer researcher and former director of the National Institutes of Health and the National Cancer Institute.
-
E.
Harvey Shine
Harvey Shine is the middle-aged, down-on-his-luck jingle writer portrayed by Dustin Hoffman in the romantic drama film "Last Chance Harvey."
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (46)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
Nobel laureate
ⓘ
human ⓘ virologist ⓘ |
| academicDegree | PhD in biology ⓘ |
| awardReceived |
National Medal of Science
ⓘ
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine ⓘ |
| causeOfDeath | lung cancer ⓘ |
| countryOfCitizenship | United States of America ⓘ |
| dateOfBirth | 1934-12-10 ⓘ |
| dateOfDeath | 1994-02-09 ⓘ |
| discovered | reverse transcriptase ⓘ |
| doctoralAdvisor | Renato Dulbecco NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| educatedAt |
California Institute of Technology
ⓘ
Swarthmore College NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| employer | University of Wisconsin–Madison NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| ethnicGroup | Jewish American ⓘ |
| familyName | Temin NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| fieldOfWork |
cancer research
ⓘ
molecular biology ⓘ virology ⓘ |
| fullName | Howard Martin Temin NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| givenName | Howard NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| influenced |
development of antiretroviral therapies
ⓘ
research on retroviruses ⓘ |
| knownFor |
discovery of reverse transcriptase
ⓘ
provirus hypothesis ⓘ research on RNA tumor viruses ⓘ |
| memberOf |
American Academy of Arts and Sciences
ⓘ
National Academy of Sciences ⓘ
surface form:
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|
| nobelPrizeCategory | Physiology or Medicine NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| nobelPrizeYear | 1975 ⓘ |
| notableWork |
discovery of reverse transcriptase
ⓘ
provirus theory of cancer ⓘ |
| occupation |
university teacher
ⓘ
virologist ⓘ |
| placeOfBirth |
Philadelphia
ⓘ
surface form:
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
|
| placeOfDeath | Madison, Wisconsin, United States NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| religion | Judaism ⓘ |
| residence | Madison, Wisconsin NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| sexOrGender | male ⓘ |
| sharesNobelPrizeWith |
David Baltimore
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Renato Dulbecco NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| spouse | Rayla Greenberg Temin NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| studied | Rous sarcoma virus NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| theoryProposed | provirus theory of cancer ⓘ |
| workLocation | Madison, Wisconsin NERFINISHED ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Howard Martin Temin Description of subject: Howard Martin Temin was an American virologist and Nobel laureate renowned for discovering reverse transcriptase and helping establish the provirus theory of cancer.
Referenced by (2)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
this entity surface form:
Howard Temin