Harvard Classification Scheme

E567162

The Harvard Classification Scheme is an early 20th-century stellar classification system that organizes stars primarily by their spectral characteristics and temperatures into types such as O, B, A, F, G, K, and M.

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Statements (43)

Predicate Object
instanceOf astronomical classification scheme
stellar classification system
adoptedBy International astronomical community
alsoKnownAs Harvard spectral classification NERFINISHED
associatedWith Edward C. Pickering NERFINISHED
Harvard Computers NERFINISHED
basedOn stellar spectra
stellar temperature
classificationBasis visual inspection of photographic spectra
classifies stars
developedAt Harvard College Observatory NERFINISHED
developedFrom Draper Catalogue of Stellar Spectra NERFINISHED
developedInPeriod early 20th century
distinguishes cool red stars
hot blue stars
field astronomy
astrophysics
historicalSignificance first widely adopted temperature-based stellar classification
influenced modern stellar spectral classification
inUseDuring 20th century
legacy letter sequence OBAFGKM retained in modern systems
orderingCriterion stellar surface temperature
originCountry United States of America
surface form: United States
precursorTo Morgan–Keenan classification system NERFINISHED
primaryParameter ionization state of elements in stellar atmospheres
spectral line strength
refinedBy Annie Jump Cannon NERFINISHED
spectralTypeACharacteristic strong hydrogen Balmer lines
spectralTypeBCharacteristic hot, neutral helium lines and strong hydrogen lines
spectralTypeFCharacteristic weaker hydrogen lines, stronger metal lines
spectralTypeGCharacteristic strong metal lines, ionized calcium lines
spectralTypeKCharacteristic strong neutral metal lines, some molecular bands
spectralTypeMCharacteristic strong molecular bands, especially titanium oxide
spectralTypeOCharacteristic very hot, strong ionized helium lines
standardizedBy Annie Jump Cannon at Harvard College Observatory NERFINISHED
temperatureOrder O B A F G K M (hottest to coolest)
usesSpectralTypes A
B
F
G
K
M
O

Referenced by (1)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Annie Jump Cannon notableWork Harvard Classification Scheme