Children's Crusade (1963)
E567145
The Children's Crusade (1963) was a pivotal civil rights campaign in Birmingham, Alabama, in which thousands of African American schoolchildren marched to protest segregation and were met with mass arrests and police violence, helping galvanize national support for the movement.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Children's Crusade (1963) canonical | 1 |
Statements (47)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf | civil rights campaign ⓘ |
| aim |
to challenge Jim Crow laws
ⓘ
to desegregate public facilities in Birmingham ⓘ to protest racial segregation in Birmingham ⓘ |
| alsoKnownAs |
Birmingham Children's Crusade
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Children's March NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| coordinatedFrom | 16th Street Baptist Church, Birmingham NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| country |
United States of America
ⓘ
surface form:
United States
|
| effect |
contributed to momentum for the Civil Rights Act of 1964
ⓘ
galvanized national support for the Civil Rights Movement ⓘ helped lead to desegregation agreements in Birmingham ⓘ increased pressure on the Kennedy administration to act on civil rights ⓘ |
| endDate | 1963-05-10 ⓘ |
| estimatedNumberOfParticipants | thousands ⓘ |
| historicalSignificance |
exposed brutality of segregationist law enforcement to a national audience
ⓘ
symbol of youth involvement in the Civil Rights Movement ⓘ turning point in the Birmingham campaign ⓘ |
| keyFigure |
Fred Shuttlesworth
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
James Bevel NERFINISHED ⓘ Martin Luther King Jr. NERFINISHED ⓘ Ralph Abernathy NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| legalContext | took place before passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 ⓘ |
| location | Birmingham, Alabama NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| mediaCoverage |
extensive national television coverage
ⓘ
widespread newspaper coverage in the United States ⓘ |
| method |
civil disobedience
ⓘ
mass marches ⓘ nonviolent direct action ⓘ |
| movementType | nonviolent civil rights protest ⓘ |
| notableEvent |
mass arrests of child protesters
ⓘ
use of high-pressure fire hoses against demonstrators ⓘ use of police dogs against demonstrators ⓘ |
| opposedBy |
Birmingham Police Department
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Eugene "Bull" Connor NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| opposedPolicy |
racial discrimination in employment in Birmingham
ⓘ
segregation in Birmingham public facilities ⓘ |
| organizedBy |
Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Southern Christian Leadership Conference NERFINISHED ⓘ local Black churches in Birmingham ⓘ |
| participants | African American schoolchildren ⓘ |
| partOf |
Birmingham campaign
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Civil Rights Movement NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| result |
agreement between Birmingham business leaders and civil rights leaders to desegregate certain facilities
ⓘ
release of jailed child protesters after negotiations ⓘ |
| sloganOrTheme | "Children's Crusade" NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| startDate | 1963-05-02 ⓘ |
| tacticsDirectedBy | James Bevel NERFINISHED ⓘ |
Referenced by (1)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.