blood–brain barrier
E559473
The blood–brain barrier is a highly selective, semipermeable border of endothelial cells that protects the brain by restricting and regulating the passage of substances from the bloodstream into the central nervous system.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| blood–brain barrier canonical | 2 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T5981456 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: blood–brain barrier Context triple: [Donepezil, crosses, blood–brain barrier]
-
A.
Virchow–Robin spaces
Virchow–Robin spaces are perivascular, fluid-filled spaces that surround blood vessels as they penetrate the brain, visible on neuroimaging and often associated with various neurological conditions.
-
B.
The Brain
The Brain is a highly intelligent, bespectacled aardvark and one of Arthur Read’s closest friends in the animated children’s television series "Arthur."
-
C.
CNS
CNS is the IATA airport code for Cairns Airport, the main international and domestic gateway to the Cairns region in Queensland, Australia.
-
D.
cerebral cortex
The cerebral cortex is the brain’s highly folded outer layer responsible for complex functions such as perception, language, thought, and voluntary movement.
-
E.
The Human Brain
The Human Brain is a popular science book by Isaac Asimov that explains the structure, function, and mysteries of the human brain for a general audience.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: blood–brain barrier Target entity description: The blood–brain barrier is a highly selective, semipermeable border of endothelial cells that protects the brain by restricting and regulating the passage of substances from the bloodstream into the central nervous system.
-
A.
Virchow–Robin spaces
Virchow–Robin spaces are perivascular, fluid-filled spaces that surround blood vessels as they penetrate the brain, visible on neuroimaging and often associated with various neurological conditions.
-
B.
The Brain
The Brain is a highly intelligent, bespectacled aardvark and one of Arthur Read’s closest friends in the animated children’s television series "Arthur."
-
C.
CNS
CNS is the IATA airport code for Cairns Airport, the main international and domestic gateway to the Cairns region in Queensland, Australia.
-
D.
cerebral cortex
The cerebral cortex is the brain’s highly folded outer layer responsible for complex functions such as perception, language, thought, and voluntary movement.
-
E.
The Human Brain
The Human Brain is a popular science book by Isaac Asimov that explains the structure, function, and mysteries of the human brain for a general audience.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (48)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
neurovascular structure
ⓘ
physiological barrier ⓘ selective permeability barrier ⓘ |
| associatedWith |
Alzheimer's disease
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
brain tumors ⓘ multiple sclerosis ⓘ stroke ⓘ |
| canBeDisruptedBy |
hypertension
ⓘ
inflammation ⓘ ischemia ⓘ neurodegenerative diseases ⓘ traumatic brain injury ⓘ |
| composedOf |
astrocyte end-feet
ⓘ
basement membrane ⓘ brain endothelial cells ⓘ pericytes ⓘ |
| developsDuring | embryonic and early postnatal development ⓘ |
| differsFrom | blood–cerebrospinal fluid barrier ⓘ |
| formedBy | endothelial cells of brain capillaries ⓘ |
| hasAbbreviation | BBB ⓘ |
| hasClinicalRelevance |
limits delivery of therapeutic drugs to the brain
ⓘ
target for drug delivery strategies ⓘ |
| hasFeature |
high electrical resistance
ⓘ
low pinocytotic activity ⓘ tight junctions between endothelial cells ⓘ |
| hasFunction |
maintain central nervous system homeostasis
ⓘ
protect brain from toxins ⓘ regulate transport of substances between blood and brain ⓘ restrict passage of large and hydrophilic molecules ⓘ |
| hasMechanism |
efflux transporters such as P-glycoprotein
ⓘ
paracellular restriction via tight junctions ⓘ receptor-mediated transcytosis ⓘ transcellular transport via specific carriers ⓘ |
| isPresentIn | vertebrates ⓘ |
| locatedIn | brain microvasculature ⓘ |
| partOf |
central nervous system
ⓘ
neurovascular unit NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| permitsPassageOf |
certain amino acids via transporters
ⓘ
gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide ⓘ glucose via specific transporters ⓘ small lipophilic molecules ⓘ water via aquaporin channels ⓘ |
| regulatedBy |
astrocytes
ⓘ
neurons ⓘ pericytes ⓘ |
| restrictsPassageOf |
large plasma proteins
ⓘ
many drugs ⓘ most blood-borne pathogens ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: blood–brain barrier Description of subject: The blood–brain barrier is a highly selective, semipermeable border of endothelial cells that protects the brain by restricting and regulating the passage of substances from the bloodstream into the central nervous system.
Referenced by (2)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.