X-ray free-electron lasers
E553296
X-ray free-electron lasers are powerful research instruments that generate extremely bright, ultrashort X-ray pulses for probing matter and high-field quantum phenomena at atomic and subatomic scales.
Statements (58)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
X-ray light source
ⓘ
free-electron laser ⓘ particle-accelerator-based facility ⓘ |
| application |
imaging non-crystalline samples
ⓘ
investigating strong-field light–matter interaction ⓘ probing ultrafast phase transitions ⓘ studying radiation damage processes ⓘ |
| basedOn |
free-electron laser principle
ⓘ
self-amplified spontaneous emission ⓘ |
| enables |
biomolecular structure determination
ⓘ
coherent diffraction imaging ⓘ femtosecond time-resolved experiments ⓘ high-field quantum electrodynamics studies ⓘ nanostructure characterization ⓘ nonlinear X-ray optics experiments ⓘ pump-probe spectroscopy ⓘ serial femtosecond crystallography ⓘ single-particle imaging ⓘ ultrafast chemistry studies ⓘ ultrafast magnetism studies ⓘ warm dense matter research ⓘ |
| firstOperationalFacility | LCLS at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| governedBy |
Maxwell’s equations
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
relativistic electron dynamics ⓘ |
| hasProperty |
extremely high peak brilliance
ⓘ
high degree of spatial coherence ⓘ high degree of temporal coherence ⓘ short pulse duration ⓘ transverse coherence ⓘ tunable photon energy ⓘ |
| notableFacility |
European XFEL
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
FERMI (soft X-ray FEL) NERFINISHED ⓘ LCLS NERFINISHED ⓘ PAL-XFEL NERFINISHED ⓘ SACLA NERFINISHED ⓘ SwissFEL NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| operatesIn |
X-ray wavelength range
ⓘ
hard X-ray regime ⓘ soft X-ray regime ⓘ |
| produces |
coherent X-ray radiation
ⓘ
high-brightness X-ray pulses ⓘ ultrashort X-ray pulses ⓘ |
| requires |
high-brightness electron source
ⓘ
high-energy linear accelerator ⓘ ultra-high vacuum beamline ⓘ undulator magnets ⓘ |
| typicalPulseDuration |
attosecond timescale (in advanced schemes)
ⓘ
femtosecond timescale ⓘ |
| typicalRepetitionRate | from a few Hz to MHz depending on facility ⓘ |
| usedIn |
atomic and molecular physics
ⓘ
chemistry ⓘ condensed matter physics ⓘ high-energy-density physics ⓘ materials science ⓘ plasma physics ⓘ structural biology ⓘ ultrafast science ⓘ |
| uses | relativistic electron beams ⓘ |
Referenced by (1)
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