Treaty of 1804 between Sauk and Fox and the United States
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The Treaty of 1804 between the Sauk and Fox tribes and the United States was an early 19th-century agreement in which Native American lands in the Midwest were controversially ceded to the U.S. government, later becoming a major source of dispute leading up to the Black Hawk War.
Statements (46)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf | treaty ⓘ |
| alsoKnownAs |
1804 Sauk and Fox treaty
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Treaty of St. Louis (1804) NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| cededTerritory |
Sauk and Fox lands east of the Mississippi River
ⓘ
lands in present-day Illinois ⓘ lands in present-day Missouri ⓘ lands in present-day Wisconsin ⓘ |
| controversialBecause |
Sauk and Fox leaders later argued that the signers lacked authority to cede tribal lands
ⓘ
terms were considered unfair and obtained under questionable circumstances ⓘ |
| effectOnSaukAndFox |
increased pressure for relocation west of the Mississippi River
ⓘ
loss of ancestral homelands east of the Mississippi River ⓘ |
| followedBy | later U.S. treaties reaffirming or modifying boundaries with the Sauk and Fox ⓘ |
| geographicRegion |
Mississippi River valley
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Old Northwest NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| HarrisonRole |
Governor of Indiana Territory
ⓘ
U.S. Superintendent of Indian Affairs for the Indiana Territory NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| historicalConsequence |
became a major source of grievance for Black Hawk and his followers
ⓘ
was a key cause leading up to the Black Hawk War ⓘ |
| historicalSignificance |
central document in the history of the Black Hawk War
ⓘ
illustrates early U.S. expansionist policy in the Midwest ⓘ |
| jurisdiction | United States federal Indian policy NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| language | English ⓘ |
| laterDisputedBy |
Black Hawk
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Sauk dissident factions ⓘ |
| legalStatusInUSView | recognized by the United States as a valid and binding cession of land ⓘ |
| negotiatedBy | William Henry Harrison NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| partOf | series of U.S. treaties with Native American nations in the Old Northwest ⓘ |
| party |
Fox tribe
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Sauk tribe NERFINISHED ⓘ United States government NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| providedFor |
annual annuities to the Sauk and Fox
ⓘ
cession of large tracts of Native American land in the Midwest to the United States ⓘ establishment of a defined boundary between U.S. territory and Sauk and Fox lands ⓘ payment in goods and money to the Sauk and Fox ⓘ permission for the Sauk and Fox to continue hunting on ceded lands until sold by the United States ⓘ |
| relatedConflict | Black Hawk War NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| signatory |
Meskwaki (Fox) Nation
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Sauk (Sac) Nation NERFINISHED ⓘ United States of America NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| signedAt | St. Louis, Missouri Territory NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| signingDate | 1804-11-03 ⓘ |
| subjectMatter |
U.S.–Native American relations
ⓘ
land cession ⓘ sovereignty and territorial rights ⓘ |
| timePeriod | early 19th century ⓘ |
| usedByUSAs | legal justification for removal of Sauk and Fox from Illinois ⓘ |
Referenced by (1)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.