RL10
E52128
RL10 is a family of high-performance, liquid hydrogen–liquid oxygen cryogenic rocket engines developed by Aerojet Rocketdyne and widely used on U.S. upper stages such as Centaur and Delta IV.
All labels observed (8)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| RL10 canonical | 8 |
| RL10B-2 | 4 |
| RL10 engine | 1 |
| RL10 engine family | 1 |
| RL10A-3 | 1 |
| RL10C | 1 |
| RL10C-1 | 1 |
| RL10C-3 | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T413172 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: RL10 Context triple: [Atlas-Centaur, upperStageEngineType, RL10]
-
A.
LC-39B
LC-39B is a launch pad at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center that has supported major crewed and uncrewed space missions, including Space Shuttle flights and later Space Launch System operations.
-
B.
Titan IIIE-Centaur
Titan IIIE-Centaur was a U.S. expendable launch vehicle that combined a Titan III booster with a high-energy Centaur upper stage to send deep-space probes such as Voyager 2 on interplanetary trajectories.
-
C.
Falcon 9 rocket
The Falcon 9 rocket is a partially reusable, two-stage orbital launch vehicle developed by SpaceX that has revolutionized commercial spaceflight through frequent, cost-effective missions and routine booster landings.
-
D.
Falcon 1 rocket
Falcon 1 rocket is a small, privately developed orbital launch vehicle created by SpaceX that became the first privately built liquid-fueled rocket to reach orbit.
-
E.
Titan IIIE
Titan IIIE was a U.S. expendable launch vehicle variant of the Titan III family, equipped with a Centaur upper stage and used in the 1970s to send deep-space probes such as Voyager 1 on interplanetary trajectories.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: RL10 Target entity description: RL10 is a family of high-performance, liquid hydrogen–liquid oxygen cryogenic rocket engines developed by Aerojet Rocketdyne and widely used on U.S. upper stages such as Centaur and Delta IV.
-
A.
LC-39B
LC-39B is a launch pad at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center that has supported major crewed and uncrewed space missions, including Space Shuttle flights and later Space Launch System operations.
-
B.
Titan IIIE-Centaur
Titan IIIE-Centaur was a U.S. expendable launch vehicle that combined a Titan III booster with a high-energy Centaur upper stage to send deep-space probes such as Voyager 2 on interplanetary trajectories.
-
C.
Falcon 9 rocket
The Falcon 9 rocket is a partially reusable, two-stage orbital launch vehicle developed by SpaceX that has revolutionized commercial spaceflight through frequent, cost-effective missions and routine booster landings.
-
D.
Falcon 1 rocket
Falcon 1 rocket is a small, privately developed orbital launch vehicle created by SpaceX that became the first privately built liquid-fueled rocket to reach orbit.
-
E.
Titan IIIE
Titan IIIE was a U.S. expendable launch vehicle variant of the Titan III family, equipped with a Centaur upper stage and used in the 1970s to send deep-space probes such as Voyager 1 on interplanetary trajectories.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (47)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
cryogenic rocket engine
ⓘ
rocket engine family ⓘ |
| application |
civil space missions
ⓘ
commercial satellite launches ⓘ military space missions ⓘ |
| combustionChamberType | regeneratively cooled ⓘ |
| countryOfOrigin |
United States of America
ⓘ
surface form:
United States
|
| cycleType | expander cycle ⓘ |
| developer | Pratt & Whitney ⓘ |
| firstFlight | 1963 ⓘ |
| fuel | liquid hydrogen ⓘ |
| gimbalCapability | yes ⓘ |
| heritage | early U.S. hydrogen engine research programs ⓘ |
| laterDeveloper | Aerojet Rocketdyne ⓘ |
| manufacturer | Aerojet Rocketdyne ⓘ |
| notableFeature | first liquid hydrogen rocket engine to fly ⓘ |
| notableUse |
Atlas V missions
ⓘ
Delta IV Heavy ⓘ
surface form:
Delta IV missions
historic Centaur missions ⓘ |
| oxidizer | liquid oxygen ⓘ |
| propellantType |
liquid hydrogen
ⓘ
liquid oxygen ⓘ |
| propulsionType | liquid-fueled rocket engine ⓘ |
| restartCapability | multiple in-space restarts ⓘ |
| specificImpulseVacuum | approximately 450 seconds ⓘ |
| status | operational ⓘ |
| technology | hydrogen-oxygen cryogenic technology ⓘ |
| thrustVacuum | approximately 110 kN ⓘ |
| usedBy |
NASA
ⓘ
Department of Defense ⓘ
surface form:
U.S. Department of Defense
United Launch Alliance ⓘ |
| usedFor |
interplanetary injection
ⓘ
orbital insertion ⓘ trans-lunar injection ⓘ upper stage propulsion ⓘ |
| usedOn |
Centaur upper stage
ⓘ
surface form:
Atlas V Centaur upper stage
Centaur upper stage ⓘ Delta IV upper stage ⓘ S-IV ⓘ
surface form:
Saturn I upper stage
S-IV ⓘ
surface form:
Saturn IB upper stage
Vulcan Centaur ⓘ
surface form:
Vulcan Centaur upper stage
|
| variant |
RL10A-3
ⓘ
RL10A-4 ⓘ RL10A-4-2 ⓘ RL10B-2 ⓘ RL10C-1 ⓘ RL10C-2 ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: RL10 Description of subject: RL10 is a family of high-performance, liquid hydrogen–liquid oxygen cryogenic rocket engines developed by Aerojet Rocketdyne and widely used on U.S. upper stages such as Centaur and Delta IV.
Referenced by (18)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
this entity surface form:
RL10A-3
this entity surface form:
RL10 engine
this entity surface form:
RL10B-2
this entity surface form:
RL10C-3
this entity surface form:
RL10C
this entity surface form:
RL10B-2
this entity surface form:
RL10B-2
this entity surface form:
RL10B-2
this entity surface form:
RL10 engine family
this entity surface form:
RL10C-1