Middle East shuttle diplomacy
E4916
Middle East shuttle diplomacy refers to the intensive, back-and-forth negotiations conducted primarily by U.S. Secretary of State Henry Kissinger between Arab states and Israel in the mid-1970s to broker disengagement agreements and stabilize the region after the Yom Kippur War.
Aliases (1)
Statements (50)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
diplomatic initiative
→
peace negotiation process → post–Yom Kippur War diplomacy → |
| characterizedBy |
U.S.-controlled sequencing of agreements
→
bilateral rather than multilateral negotiations → exclusion of the Palestine Liberation Organization from direct talks → |
| criticizedFor |
focusing on step-by-step agreements instead of comprehensive peace
→
reinforcing U.S. dominance over Arab–Israeli diplomacy → |
| endTime |
1975
→
|
| followedEvent |
1973 Arab–Israeli War
→
Yom Kippur War → |
| hadConsequence |
incremental territorial withdrawals by Israel in Sinai
→
marginalization of Soviet diplomatic influence in the Arab–Israeli conflict → separation of Egyptian and Israeli forces along the Suez Canal → separation of Syrian and Israeli forces on the Golan Heights → |
| hasKeyFigure |
Anwar Sadat
→
Golda Meir → Hafez al-Assad → Yitzhak Rabin → |
| hasKeyMediator |
United States
→
|
| hasKeyParticipant |
Egypt
→
Israel → Jordan → Saudi Arabia → Syria → United States Department of State → |
| hasMethod |
back-and-forth negotiations between regional capitals
→
shuttle diplomacy → |
| hasObjective |
broker disengagement agreements between Arab states and Israel
→
reduce the risk of renewed large-scale Arab–Israeli war → stabilize the Arab–Israeli front lines after the Yom Kippur War → strengthen U.S. influence in the Middle East → |
| hasPrimaryArchitect |
Henry Kissinger
→
|
| involvedTravelBetween |
Amman
→
Cairo → Damascus → Jerusalem → Riyadh → |
| opposedBy |
Soviet Union
→
|
| preceded |
Camp David Accords
→
Egypt–Israel Peace Treaty → |
| resultedIn |
Sinai I disengagement agreement
→
Sinai II disengagement agreement → Syrian–Israeli disengagement agreement on the Golan Heights → establishment of UN buffer zones between Israeli and Arab forces → partial normalization of relations between Egypt and the United States → strengthening of Israel–United States strategic relationship → |
| startTime |
1973
→
|
| tookPlaceDuring |
Cold War
→
|
| tookPlaceInRegion |
Middle East
→
|
Referenced by (2)
| Subject (surface form when different) | Predicate |
|---|---|
|
Years of Upheaval
→
|
depictsEvent |
|
Sinai II disengagement agreement
("United States shuttle diplomacy")
→
|
subjectOf |