Riemann–Siegel formula

E48437

The Riemann–Siegel formula is an asymptotic expression that efficiently approximates the Riemann zeta function on the critical line, playing a key role in the numerical study of its zeros.


Statements (46)

Predicate Object
instanceOf asymptotic formula
mathematical formula
result in analytic number theory
appearsIn Carl Ludwig Siegel’s 1932 paper on Riemann’s zeta function
appliesTo Riemann zeta function on the critical line
values of ζ(1/2+it)
approximationType asymptotic expansion
saddle-point approximation
author Carl Ludwig Siegel
basedOn Riemann’s unpublished notes
comparedTo O(t^{1+ε}) operations for direct summation
complexity O(t^{1/2+ε}) operations for computing ζ(1/2+it)
domain large imaginary part t of s=1/2+it
field analytic number theory
number theory
generalization Riemann–Siegel type formulas for Dirichlet L-functions
Riemann–Siegel type formulas for automorphic L-functions
gives approximate functional equation for ζ(1/2+it)
hasErrorTerm remainder of size about O(t^{-1/4}) in basic form
hasPart Riemann–Siegel theta function
main sum over n up to N≈√(t/2π)
oscillatory cosine terms
remainder term
hasRefinement higher-order Riemann–Siegel expansions
improvesOn naive Dirichlet series evaluation of ζ(s)
influenced development of fast algorithms for L-functions
involves Gamma function
functional equation of the Riemann zeta function
stationary phase method
mainSubject Riemann zeta function
namedAfter Bernhard Riemann
Carl Ludwig Siegel
relatedTo Hardy Z-function
Riemann–Siegel theta function
standardReference A. Ivić, The Riemann Zeta-Function
E. C. Titchmarsh, The Theory of the Riemann Zeta-Function
H. M. Edwards, Riemann’s Zeta Function
use efficient numerical evaluation of the Riemann zeta function
high-precision computation of ζ(1/2+it)
study of zeros of the Riemann zeta function
verification of the Riemann hypothesis for large heights
usedBy Hardy’s method for counting zeros on the critical line
usedIn Odlyzko’s large-scale computations of zeta zeros
verification of the first billions of zeros of ζ(s)
validOn critical line Re(s)=1/2
yearProposed 1932

Referenced by (1)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Bernhard Riemann knownFor Riemann–Siegel formula