Battle of Cynoscephalae
E438542
The Battle of Cynoscephalae was a decisive 197 BC clash in Thessaly where the Roman Republic defeated Philip V of Macedon, demonstrating the superiority of the Roman legion over the Macedonian phalanx and marking a turning point in Roman dominance over Greece.
All labels observed (2)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Battle of Cynoscephalae canonical | 7 |
| Battle of Cynoscephalae (364 BC) | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T4155232 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Battle of Cynoscephalae Context triple: [Macedonian Kingdom under the Antipatrids and Antigonids, event, Battle of Cynoscephalae]
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A.
Battle of Heraclea
The Battle of Heraclea was a major 280 BC clash in southern Italy where King Pyrrhus of Epirus defeated the Romans in one of the earliest and most famous engagements of the Pyrrhic War.
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B.
Battle of Chaeronea
The Battle of Chaeronea (338 BC) was a decisive clash in which Philip II of Macedon, aided by his son Alexander the Great, defeated the combined forces of Athens and Thebes, paving the way for Macedonian dominance over Greece.
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C.
Battle of Ipsus
The Battle of Ipsus was a decisive 301 BC clash among Alexander the Great’s former generals that reshaped the Hellenistic world by partitioning his empire into rival successor kingdoms.
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D.
Battle of Magnesia
The Battle of Magnesia was a decisive 190 BC clash in Asia Minor in which Roman forces and their allies defeated the Seleucid king Antiochus III, marking a major shift of power in the Hellenistic world.
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E.
Battle of Issus
The Battle of Issus was a decisive 333 BC clash in which Alexander the Great defeated the Persian king Darius III, cementing Macedonian dominance in Asia Minor and showcasing Alexander’s tactical brilliance.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Battle of Cynoscephalae Target entity description: The Battle of Cynoscephalae was a decisive 197 BC clash in Thessaly where the Roman Republic defeated Philip V of Macedon, demonstrating the superiority of the Roman legion over the Macedonian phalanx and marking a turning point in Roman dominance over Greece.
-
A.
Battle of Heraclea
The Battle of Heraclea was a major 280 BC clash in southern Italy where King Pyrrhus of Epirus defeated the Romans in one of the earliest and most famous engagements of the Pyrrhic War.
-
B.
Battle of Chaeronea
The Battle of Chaeronea (338 BC) was a decisive clash in which Philip II of Macedon, aided by his son Alexander the Great, defeated the combined forces of Athens and Thebes, paving the way for Macedonian dominance over Greece.
-
C.
Battle of Ipsus
The Battle of Ipsus was a decisive 301 BC clash among Alexander the Great’s former generals that reshaped the Hellenistic world by partitioning his empire into rival successor kingdoms.
-
D.
Battle of Magnesia
The Battle of Magnesia was a decisive 190 BC clash in Asia Minor in which Roman forces and their allies defeated the Seleucid king Antiochus III, marking a major shift of power in the Hellenistic world.
-
E.
Battle of Issus
The Battle of Issus was a decisive 333 BC clash in which Alexander the Great defeated the Persian king Darius III, cementing Macedonian dominance in Asia Minor and showcasing Alexander’s tactical brilliance.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (47)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
ancient battle
ⓘ
battle ⓘ |
| alsoKnownAs | Battle of the Cynoscephalae Hills NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| belligerent |
Kingdom of Macedon
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Roman Republic NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| cause | Roman intervention in Greek affairs against Macedonian influence ⓘ |
| combatant1 | Roman Republic NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| combatant2 | Kingdom of Macedon NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| commander |
Philip V of Macedon
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Titus Quinctius Flamininus NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| conflictIn | Second Macedonian War NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| conflictType | land battle ⓘ |
| date | 197 BC ⓘ |
| demonstrated | superiority of Roman legion over Macedonian phalanx ⓘ |
| era | Hellenistic period ⓘ |
| followedBy |
Peace of Tempe
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Roman proclamation of Greek freedom at Isthmian Games ⓘ Treaty of Tempe NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| geographicalContext | central Greece ⓘ |
| historicalPeriod |
Roman Republic
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
reign of Philip V of Macedon ⓘ |
| involvedUnitType |
Macedonian cavalry
ⓘ
Macedonian phalangites ⓘ Roman cavalry ⓘ Roman infantry ⓘ |
| location |
Cynoscephalae
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Greece NERFINISHED ⓘ Thessaly NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| militaryFormationUsedByMacedon | Macedonian phalanx ⓘ |
| militaryFormationUsedByRomans | manipular legion ⓘ |
| notableFor |
flexible Roman tactics against rigid phalanx
ⓘ
use of elephants on Roman side ⓘ |
| opponent |
Philip V of Macedon
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Titus Quinctius Flamininus NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| outcome |
expansion of Roman influence in Greece
ⓘ
weakening of Macedonian power ⓘ |
| partOf | Roman–Macedonian Wars NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| precededBy | Battle of Aous NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| primarySource |
Livy
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Polybius NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| relatedEvent | Roman declaration of freedom for Greek cities ⓘ |
| result | Roman victory ⓘ |
| significance |
decisive Roman victory in Second Macedonian War
ⓘ
turning point in Roman dominance over Greece ⓘ |
| strategicConsequence | end of Macedonian dominance in mainland Greece ⓘ |
| terrain | hilly terrain ⓘ |
| year | 197 BC ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Battle of Cynoscephalae Description of subject: The Battle of Cynoscephalae was a decisive 197 BC clash in Thessaly where the Roman Republic defeated Philip V of Macedon, demonstrating the superiority of the Roman legion over the Macedonian phalanx and marking a turning point in Roman dominance over Greece.
Referenced by (8)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
subject surface form:
Second Macedonian War
this entity surface form:
Battle of Cynoscephalae (364 BC)