Commissioners' Plan of 1811

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The Commissioners' Plan of 1811 was the landmark urban design blueprint that established Manhattan’s iconic rectilinear street grid, shaping the borough’s modern layout and development.

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Commissioners' Plan of 1811 canonical 1

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Predicate Object
instanceOf city plan
historic planning blueprint
urban planning document
appliesTo Manhattan NERFINISHED
approvedInYear 1811
borough Manhattan
city New York City
commissionedBy New York State Legislature NERFINISHED
country United States of America
surface form: United States
createdBy Gouverneur Morris NERFINISHED
John Rutherfurd NERFINISHED
Simeon De Witt NERFINISHED
definesFeature Manhattan street grid NERFINISHED
long north–south avenues
numbered avenues
numbered streets
orthogonal street grid
rectangular blocks
rectilinear street layout
short east–west streets
uniform block sizes
documentType map
report
geographicExtentNorth 155th Street
geographicExtentSouth Houston Street vicinity NERFINISHED
North of existing lower Manhattan street network
historicalSignificance foundation of modern Manhattan layout
landmark in American urban planning
influenced building patterns in Manhattan
land values in Manhattan
neighborhood boundaries in Manhattan
urban development of Manhattan
influencedBy Enlightenment planning ideals
grid plans of other American cities
language English
laterModifiedBy creation of Central Park
later street widenings and extensions
notableFor emphasis on real estate subdivision
long uninterrupted avenues
minimal provision for parks
regularity and simplicity
orientation avenues run north–south
streets run east–west
purpose facilitate real estate subdivision
guide urban expansion of Manhattan
improve circulation and access
standardize street layout
startDate 1811-03-22
state New York
surveyor John Randel Jr. NERFINISHED

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Manhattan street grid planningDocument Commissioners' Plan of 1811