Toba Caldera
E425132
Toba Caldera is a massive volcanic supervolcano in northern Sumatra, Indonesia, known for one of the largest explosive eruptions in Earth’s history and now largely filled by Lake Toba.
All labels observed (4)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Lake Toba caldera | 1 |
| Lake Toba caldera margins | 1 |
| Toba Caldera canonical | 1 |
| Toba volcanic complex | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T4215271 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Toba Caldera Context triple: [Lake Toba, locatedIn, Toba Caldera]
-
A.
Toba
Toba is a coastal city in central Japan’s Mie Prefecture, known for its pearl cultivation, scenic bays, and maritime heritage.
-
B.
Akan Caldera
Akan Caldera is a large volcanic caldera in eastern Hokkaido, Japan, known for its scenic crater lakes, geothermal features, and active volcanic landscape.
-
C.
Uzon caldera
Uzon caldera is a large volcanic depression in Russia’s Kamchatka Peninsula, renowned for its active geothermal features, hot springs, and diverse volcanic landscapes within the Kamchatka volcanic arc.
-
D.
Tao-Rusyr Caldera
Tao-Rusyr Caldera is a large volcanic caldera and prominent geological feature located on Onekotan Island in Russia’s Kuril Island chain.
-
E.
Tengger caldera
Tengger caldera is a vast volcanic crater in East Java, Indonesia, famous for its dramatic landscape that includes the active Mount Bromo and attracts many tourists and photographers.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Toba Caldera Target entity description: Toba Caldera is a massive volcanic supervolcano in northern Sumatra, Indonesia, known for one of the largest explosive eruptions in Earth’s history and now largely filled by Lake Toba.
-
A.
Toba
Toba is a coastal city in central Japan’s Mie Prefecture, known for its pearl cultivation, scenic bays, and maritime heritage.
-
B.
Akan Caldera
Akan Caldera is a large volcanic caldera in eastern Hokkaido, Japan, known for its scenic crater lakes, geothermal features, and active volcanic landscape.
-
C.
Uzon caldera
Uzon caldera is a large volcanic depression in Russia’s Kamchatka Peninsula, renowned for its active geothermal features, hot springs, and diverse volcanic landscapes within the Kamchatka volcanic arc.
-
D.
Tao-Rusyr Caldera
Tao-Rusyr Caldera is a large volcanic caldera and prominent geological feature located on Onekotan Island in Russia’s Kuril Island chain.
-
E.
Tengger caldera
Tengger caldera is a vast volcanic crater in East Java, Indonesia, famous for its dramatic landscape that includes the active Mount Bromo and attracts many tourists and photographers.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (50)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
caldera
ⓘ
supervolcano ⓘ volcanic system ⓘ |
| calderaLengthKm | 100 ⓘ |
| calderaOrientation | northwest–southeast ⓘ |
| calderaWidthKm | 30 ⓘ |
| country | Indonesia ⓘ |
| erupted | Toba supereruption NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| eruptionAge | Late Pleistocene ⓘ |
| eruptionMagnitude | supereruption ⓘ |
| eruptionType |
Plinian
ⓘ
ultra-Plinian ⓘ |
| eruptionVEI | 8 ⓘ |
| eruptionVolumeDREKm3 | 2000 ⓘ |
| eruptionVolumeTephraKm3 | 2800 ⓘ |
| geologicEpoch | Pleistocene NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| geologicPeriod | Quaternary ⓘ |
| hasBodyOfWater | Lake Toba NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| hasCurrentFeature |
Lake Toba
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
hot springs ⓘ hydrothermal activity ⓘ |
| hasHazard |
ashfall
ⓘ
climate impact ⓘ large explosive eruptions ⓘ pyroclastic flows ⓘ |
| hasIsland | Samosir Island NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| hasResurgentDome |
Samosir Island
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Uluan Peninsula NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| influenced |
atmospheric composition
ⓘ
global climate ⓘ |
| isMonitoredBy | Indonesian Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| knownFor |
global climatic effects
ⓘ
one of the largest explosive eruptions in Earth history ⓘ |
| locatedIn |
North Sumatra
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Sumatra NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| locatedNear | Great Sumatran Fault NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| locatedOn |
Sumatran subduction zone
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Sunda Arc NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| majorEruptionApproxAgeYearsBP |
74000
ⓘ
75000 ⓘ |
| namedAfter | Lake Toba NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| overridingMicroplate | Sunda Plate NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| overridingPlate | Eurasian Plate NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| partOf | Pacific Ring of Fire ⓘ |
| subductingPlate | Indo-Australian Plate NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| tectonicSetting | subduction zone ⓘ |
| tourismAttraction | Lake Toba region NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| volcanicRockType |
dacite
ⓘ
ignimbrite ⓘ rhyolite ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Toba Caldera Description of subject: Toba Caldera is a massive volcanic supervolcano in northern Sumatra, Indonesia, known for one of the largest explosive eruptions in Earth’s history and now largely filled by Lake Toba.
Referenced by (4)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
this entity surface form:
Lake Toba caldera margins
this entity surface form:
Lake Toba caldera