Cultivation System
E3959
The Cultivation System was a 19th-century Dutch colonial policy in the East Indies that forced Javanese peasants to grow export crops for the benefit of the Netherlands, leading to widespread exploitation and hardship.
Observed surface forms (1)
| Surface form | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Cultivation System in the Dutch East Indies | 1 |
Statements (48)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
agricultural production system
ⓘ
colonial policy ⓘ forced labor system ⓘ |
| administrativeMechanism |
quota-based crop deliveries
ⓘ
village heads as intermediaries ⓘ |
| appliedInRegion | Java ⓘ |
| appliedInTerritory | Dutch East Indies ⓘ |
| characterizedBy |
compulsory cultivation contracts
ⓘ
fixed delivery prices set by colonial state ⓘ state control over crop choice ⓘ use of traditional authority for colonial extraction ⓘ |
| contributedTo | Dutch Ethical Policy ⓘ |
| country | Netherlands ⓘ |
| criticizedBy |
Dutch liberals
ⓘ
humanitarian reformers ⓘ |
| criticizedInWork | Max Havelaar ⓘ |
| economicEffect |
increased export revenues
ⓘ
large profits for Dutch state ⓘ |
| endedBecauseOf |
administrative difficulties
ⓘ
economic changes in world markets ⓘ political criticism in the Netherlands ⓘ |
| endTime | 1870 ⓘ |
| historicalPeriod | 19th century ⓘ |
| historicalSignificance |
key example of exploitative colonialism in Southeast Asia
ⓘ
major source of Dutch 19th-century wealth ⓘ |
| implementedBy | Dutch colonial government ⓘ |
| implementedUnderGovernorGeneral | Johannes van den Bosch ⓘ |
| inspiredAuthor | Multatuli ⓘ |
| legalForm | colonial regulation ⓘ |
| mainBeneficiary |
Government of the Netherlands
ⓘ
surface form:
Dutch treasury
Netherlands ⓘ |
| mainExportCrop |
coffee
ⓘ
indigo ⓘ sugar ⓘ tea ⓘ tobacco ⓘ |
| mainParticipants | Javanese peasants ⓘ |
| purpose |
increase colonial revenue
ⓘ
produce export crops ⓘ |
| replaced | earlier forms of tribute and corvée labor ⓘ |
| requiredShareOfLabor | one-fifth of peasants' labor time ⓘ |
| requiredShareOfLand | one-fifth of village land ⓘ |
| socialEffect |
famines in parts of Java
ⓘ
food shortages in some regions ⓘ increased corvée-like obligations ⓘ peasant impoverishment ⓘ widespread exploitation of peasants ⓘ |
| startTime | 1830 ⓘ |
Referenced by (2)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
this entity surface form:
Cultivation System in the Dutch East Indies