The Extended Phenotype
E389953
The Extended Phenotype is a 1982 book by evolutionary biologist Richard Dawkins that expands the gene-centered view of evolution by arguing that a gene’s effects can extend beyond an organism’s body to influence its environment and other organisms.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| The Extended Phenotype canonical | 3 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T3805877 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: The Extended Phenotype Context triple: [Richard Dawkins, notableWork, The Extended Phenotype]
-
A.
The Selfish Gene
The Selfish Gene is a landmark 1976 book by Richard Dawkins that popularized a gene-centered view of evolution and introduced concepts like memes to a broad audience.
-
B.
Darwin Among the Machines
"Darwin Among the Machines" is a non-fiction book by George Dyson that explores the historical development and philosophical implications of artificial intelligence and digital evolution.
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C.
Darwin's Dangerous Idea
Darwin's Dangerous Idea is a 1995 philosophical book by Daniel Dennett that explores the far-reaching implications of Darwinian evolution for biology, mind, culture, and religion.
-
D.
Reaching the Animal Mind
Reaching the Animal Mind is a book by animal behaviorist Karen Pryor that explores the science and practice of clicker training and positive reinforcement in animals.
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E.
Essays of a Biologist
Essays of a Biologist is a collection of influential essays by evolutionary biologist Julian Huxley that explores biology’s implications for human society, philosophy, and the modern worldview.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: The Extended Phenotype Target entity description: The Extended Phenotype is a 1982 book by evolutionary biologist Richard Dawkins that expands the gene-centered view of evolution by arguing that a gene’s effects can extend beyond an organism’s body to influence its environment and other organisms.
-
A.
The Selfish Gene
The Selfish Gene is a landmark 1976 book by Richard Dawkins that popularized a gene-centered view of evolution and introduced concepts like memes to a broad audience.
-
B.
Darwin Among the Machines
"Darwin Among the Machines" is a non-fiction book by George Dyson that explores the historical development and philosophical implications of artificial intelligence and digital evolution.
-
C.
Darwin's Dangerous Idea
Darwin's Dangerous Idea is a 1995 philosophical book by Daniel Dennett that explores the far-reaching implications of Darwinian evolution for biology, mind, culture, and religion.
-
D.
Reaching the Animal Mind
Reaching the Animal Mind is a book by animal behaviorist Karen Pryor that explores the science and practice of clicker training and positive reinforcement in animals.
-
E.
Essays of a Biologist
Essays of a Biologist is a collection of influential essays by evolutionary biologist Julian Huxley that explores biology’s implications for human society, philosophy, and the modern worldview.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (46)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
book
ⓘ
evolutionary biology book ⓘ non-fiction book ⓘ science book ⓘ |
| arguesAgainst |
group selection as primary explanatory framework
ⓘ
organism-centered view of adaptation ⓘ |
| author | Richard Dawkins ⓘ |
| centralClaim |
a gene’s effects can extend beyond the organism’s body
ⓘ
genes can influence an organism’s environment ⓘ genes can influence other organisms ⓘ |
| containsExample |
beaver dams as extended phenotypes
ⓘ
caddis fly cases as extended phenotypes ⓘ parasite-induced host behavior as extended phenotype ⓘ |
| countryOfOrigin | United Kingdom ⓘ |
| expandsOnWork | The Selfish Gene ⓘ |
| focusesOn |
adaptation
ⓘ
gene as unit of selection ⓘ natural selection ⓘ phenotypic effects of genes ⓘ |
| follows | The Selfish Gene ⓘ |
| genre |
biology
ⓘ
popular science ⓘ |
| hasFormat | print ⓘ |
| hasInfluenceOnConcept | meme theory discussion in later works by Dawkins ⓘ |
| hasISBN | 0-19-857612-9 ⓘ |
| influencedField |
behavioral ecology
ⓘ
evolutionary biology ⓘ philosophy of biology ⓘ |
| language | English ⓘ |
| mainSubject |
evolutionary biology
ⓘ
extended phenotype concept ⓘ gene-centered view of evolution ⓘ |
| notableFor |
formalizing the concept of the extended phenotype
ⓘ
influencing debates on levels of selection ⓘ strengthening the gene-centered view of evolution ⓘ |
| proposesConcept | extended phenotype ⓘ |
| publicationYear | 1982 ⓘ |
| publisher | Oxford University Press ⓘ |
| relatedWork |
The Blind Watchmaker
ⓘ
The Selfish Gene ⓘ |
| structure | multiple chapters with theoretical arguments and examples ⓘ |
| targetAudience |
professional biologists
ⓘ
scientifically literate general readers ⓘ students of biology ⓘ |
| theoreticalOrientation |
gene-centered
ⓘ
neo-Darwinian ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: The Extended Phenotype Description of subject: The Extended Phenotype is a 1982 book by evolutionary biologist Richard Dawkins that expands the gene-centered view of evolution by arguing that a gene’s effects can extend beyond an organism’s body to influence its environment and other organisms.
Referenced by (3)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.