“howling wilderness” campaign ordered by General Jacob H. Smith
E386005
The “howling wilderness” campaign ordered by General Jacob H. Smith was a brutal U.S. military retaliation in Samar during the Philippine–American War, marked by scorched-earth tactics and widespread civilian suffering.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| “howling wilderness” campaign ordered by General Jacob H. Smith canonical | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T3756683 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: “howling wilderness” campaign ordered by General Jacob H. Smith Context triple: [Balangiga massacre, followedBy, “howling wilderness” campaign ordered by General Jacob H. Smith]
-
A.
Operation Prairie
Operation Prairie was a major 1966 U.S. Marine Corps search-and-destroy campaign during the Vietnam War aimed at engaging North Vietnamese forces near the Demilitarized Zone.
-
B.
Operation Commando Hunt
Operation Commando Hunt was a major U.S. Air Force bombing campaign during the Vietnam War aimed at disrupting North Vietnamese supply routes along the Ho Chi Minh Trail, much of which ran through Laos.
-
C.
New Mexico Campaign
The New Mexico Campaign was a U.S. military operation during the Mexican–American War aimed at seizing control of the New Mexico Territory from Mexican authority.
-
D.
Operation Hastings
Operation Hastings was a major 1966 U.S. Marine Corps offensive during the Vietnam War aimed at blocking North Vietnamese Army forces infiltrating into South Vietnam’s Quang Tri Province.
-
E.
Geronimo Campaign
The Geronimo Campaign was a late 19th-century U.S. military operation aimed at capturing the Apache leader Geronimo, marking one of the final major conflicts of the Apache Wars.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: “howling wilderness” campaign ordered by General Jacob H. Smith Target entity description: The “howling wilderness” campaign ordered by General Jacob H. Smith was a brutal U.S. military retaliation in Samar during the Philippine–American War, marked by scorched-earth tactics and widespread civilian suffering.
-
A.
Operation Prairie
Operation Prairie was a major 1966 U.S. Marine Corps search-and-destroy campaign during the Vietnam War aimed at engaging North Vietnamese forces near the Demilitarized Zone.
-
B.
Operation Commando Hunt
Operation Commando Hunt was a major U.S. Air Force bombing campaign during the Vietnam War aimed at disrupting North Vietnamese supply routes along the Ho Chi Minh Trail, much of which ran through Laos.
-
C.
New Mexico Campaign
The New Mexico Campaign was a U.S. military operation during the Mexican–American War aimed at seizing control of the New Mexico Territory from Mexican authority.
-
D.
Operation Hastings
Operation Hastings was a major 1966 U.S. Marine Corps offensive during the Vietnam War aimed at blocking North Vietnamese Army forces infiltrating into South Vietnam’s Quang Tri Province.
-
E.
Geronimo Campaign
The Geronimo Campaign was a late 19th-century U.S. military operation aimed at capturing the Apache leader Geronimo, marking one of the final major conflicts of the Apache Wars.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (45)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
military campaign
ⓘ
retaliatory operation ⓘ scorched-earth campaign ⓘ |
| aftermath | forced retirement of Jacob H. Smith ⓘ |
| ageDefinitionInOrder | 10 years and older ⓘ |
| associatedWith |
Balangiga massacre
ⓘ
surface form:
Balangiga massacre reprisals
|
| commander | Jacob H. Smith ⓘ |
| conflict | Philippine–American War ⓘ |
| countryInvolved |
Philippines
ⓘ
United States of America ⓘ
surface form:
United States
|
| endYear | 1902 ⓘ |
| historicalAssessment | example of extreme counterinsurgency brutality ⓘ |
| historicalRegion | Visayas ⓘ |
| languageOfName | English ⓘ |
| legacy | symbol of U.S. colonial violence in the Philippines ⓘ |
| legalCharge | conduct to the prejudice of good order and military discipline ⓘ |
| legalConsequenceForCommander | court-martial of Jacob H. Smith ⓘ |
| location |
Samar Province
ⓘ
surface form:
Samar
|
| namedAfter | phrase used by Jacob H. Smith ⓘ |
| notableOrder |
kill everyone capable of bearing arms
ⓘ
turn Samar into a "howling wilderness" ⓘ |
| objective |
punish the population of Samar
ⓘ
suppress Filipino insurgency on Samar ⓘ |
| opponentCommander | Filipino guerrilla leaders on Samar ⓘ |
| orderedBy | Jacob H. Smith ⓘ |
| partOf |
Philippine–American War
ⓘ
surface form:
U.S. pacification campaigns in the Philippines
|
| perpetratorForce |
United States Marine Corps
ⓘ
surface form:
U.S. Marines
United States Army ⓘ |
| relatedConcept |
counterinsurgency warfare
ⓘ
war crimes in the Philippine–American War ⓘ |
| result |
depopulation of rural areas of Samar
ⓘ
international criticism of U.S. conduct ⓘ large-scale destruction of property ⓘ widespread civilian suffering ⓘ |
| startEvent | Balangiga massacre ⓘ |
| startYear | 1901 ⓘ |
| tacticUsed |
destruction of towns and villages
ⓘ
food deprivation ⓘ forced concentration of civilians ⓘ killing of livestock ⓘ scorched-earth policy ⓘ |
| theater | Samar Island ⓘ |
| timePeriod | early 20th century ⓘ |
| victimGroup |
Filipino civilians
ⓘ
Philippine guerrillas ⓘ
surface form:
Filipino guerrillas
|
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: “howling wilderness” campaign ordered by General Jacob H. Smith Description of subject: The “howling wilderness” campaign ordered by General Jacob H. Smith was a brutal U.S. military retaliation in Samar during the Philippine–American War, marked by scorched-earth tactics and widespread civilian suffering.
Referenced by (1)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.