Immigration Act of 1917

E38598

The Immigration Act of 1917 was a U.S. federal law that sharply restricted immigration through literacy tests, expanded exclusion categories, and the creation of the “Asiatic Barred Zone,” reflecting strong nativist and xenophobic sentiments of the era.

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Statements (51)

Predicate Object
instanceOf United States federal law
immigration law
alsoKnownAs Asiatic Barred Zone Act
amended earlier Chinese exclusion and Asian exclusion measures
containsProvision deportation rules for certain classes of immigrants
head tax on immigrants
requirements for medical inspection
restrictions on contract labor
country United States of America
surface form: United States
createdImmigrationBarrier Asiatic Barred Zone
dateEnacted 1917-02-05
excludedRegion Pacific Islands within the Asiatic Barred Zone
most of Asia
parts of the Middle East
exclusionBasis geographic origin
health status
literacy
moral character
political beliefs
expandedExclusionCategory alcoholics
anarchists
epileptics
persons convicted of crimes of moral turpitude
persons with certain contagious diseases
professional beggars
vagrants
“idiots” and “feeble-minded persons”
“persons of constitutional psychopathic inferiority”
followedBy Emergency Quota Act of 1921
surface form: Immigration Act of 1921

Immigration Act of 1924
historicalContext Progressive Era reforms
World War I era
influencedBy organized nativist movements in the United States
introducedLiteracyTest true
legalDomain immigration and nationality law
literacyTestRequirement ability to read in any language
longTermEffect institutionalization of literacy tests in U.S. immigration law
strengthening of racial and national-origin based immigration restrictions
minimumAgeForLiteracyTest 16
partOf Immigration and Nationality Act
surface form: United States immigration policy
presidentDuringEnactment Woodrow Wilson
reflectedIdeology nativism
racial exclusionism
xenophobia
replaced earlier piecemeal immigration restrictions
signedBy Woodrow Wilson
targetedGroup Asian immigrants
illiterate immigrants
persons deemed mentally unfit
persons deemed morally unfit
political radicals

Referenced by (5)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Immigration Act of 1924 amended Immigration Act of 1917
Nativism in the United States associatedWithPolicy Immigration Act of 1917
Emergency Quota Act of 1921 precededBy Immigration Act of 1917
Emergency Quota Act of 1921 relatedTo Immigration Act of 1917
Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 setPrecedentFor Immigration Act of 1917