attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
E36369
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental condition characterized by persistent patterns of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that interfere with functioning or development.
Statements (62)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
behavioral disorder
→
mental disorder → neurodevelopmental disorder → |
| abbreviation |
ADHD
→
|
| canImpair |
academic functioning
→
occupational functioning → social relationships → |
| canPersistInto |
adulthood
→
|
| diagnosedBy |
clinical psychologist
→
pediatrician → psychiatrist → |
| diagnosticManual |
DSM-5
→
ICD-11 → |
| governedByCriteria |
clear evidence of interference with functioning or development
→
symptoms present for at least 6 months → symptoms present in two or more settings → |
| hasAssociatedBrainRegions |
basal ganglia
→
cerebellum → prefrontal cortex → |
| hasComorbidity |
anxiety disorders
→
autism spectrum disorder → depressive disorders → learning disorders → oppositional defiant disorder → |
| hasPathophysiology |
alterations in dopaminergic neurotransmission
→
alterations in noradrenergic neurotransmission → |
| hasPrevalence |
approximately 2 to 5 percent of adults worldwide
→
approximately 5 percent of children worldwide → |
| hasRiskFactor |
family history of ADHD
→
genetic factors → low birth weight → premature birth → prenatal exposure to tobacco smoke → |
| hasSubtype |
combined presentation
→
predominantly hyperactive-impulsive presentation → predominantly inattentive presentation → |
| hasSymptom |
difficulty organizing tasks
→
difficulty sustaining attention → difficulty waiting turn → excessive talking → fidgeting → forgetfulness in daily activities → hyperactivity → impulsivity → inattention → interrupting others → restlessness → |
| isNotCausedBy |
simple bad parenting
→
|
| isRecognizedBy |
American Psychiatric Association
→
World Health Organization → |
| moreCommonIn |
males than females in childhood
→
|
| treatedWith |
amphetamine-based medications
→
atomoxetine → behavioral therapy → cognitive behavioral therapy → guanfacine → methylphenidate → non-stimulant medications → parent training in behavior management → school-based interventions → stimulant medications → |
| typicalOnset |
childhood
→
|
Referenced by (1)
| Subject (surface form when different) | Predicate |
|---|---|
|
Asperger syndrome
→
|
mayBeComorbidWith |