Hendra virus
E353805
Hendra virus is a highly lethal zoonotic virus originating in fruit bats that can infect horses and humans, causing severe respiratory and neurological disease.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Hendra virus canonical | 2 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T3369666 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Hendra virus Context triple: [spectacled flying fox, canCarry, Hendra virus]
-
A.
Ebola virus disease
Ebola virus disease is a severe, often fatal illness in humans caused by infection with Ebola virus, characterized by fever, hemorrhaging, and organ failure, and known for causing major outbreaks such as the 2014–2016 West Africa epidemic.
-
B.
Zaire ebolavirus
Zaire ebolavirus is a highly virulent species of Ebola virus responsible for severe hemorrhagic fever outbreaks in humans, including the major 2014–2016 epidemic in West Africa.
-
C.
Chengue
Chengue is an archaeological site in Colombia associated with the pre-Columbian Tairona culture, known for its stone terraces and evidence of complex indigenous settlement.
-
D.
Ciwidey
Ciwidey is a highland area in southern Bandung, Indonesia, known for its cool climate, tea plantations, and popular natural attractions such as crater lakes and hot springs.
-
E.
Tilapia lake virus
Tilapia lake virus is an emerging viral pathogen that causes severe disease and high mortality in farmed tilapia, posing a major threat to global aquaculture.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Hendra virus Target entity description: Hendra virus is a highly lethal zoonotic virus originating in fruit bats that can infect horses and humans, causing severe respiratory and neurological disease.
-
A.
Ebola virus disease
Ebola virus disease is a severe, often fatal illness in humans caused by infection with Ebola virus, characterized by fever, hemorrhaging, and organ failure, and known for causing major outbreaks such as the 2014–2016 West Africa epidemic.
-
B.
Zaire ebolavirus
Zaire ebolavirus is a highly virulent species of Ebola virus responsible for severe hemorrhagic fever outbreaks in humans, including the major 2014–2016 epidemic in West Africa.
-
C.
Chengue
Chengue is an archaeological site in Colombia associated with the pre-Columbian Tairona culture, known for its stone terraces and evidence of complex indigenous settlement.
-
D.
Ciwidey
Ciwidey is a highland area in southern Bandung, Indonesia, known for its cool climate, tea plantations, and popular natural attractions such as crater lakes and hot springs.
-
E.
Tilapia lake virus
Tilapia lake virus is an emerging viral pathogen that causes severe disease and high mortality in farmed tilapia, posing a major threat to global aquaculture.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (47)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
negative-sense RNA virus
ⓘ
virus ⓘ zoonotic virus ⓘ |
| biosafetyLevel | BSL-4 ⓘ |
| canInfect |
horse
ⓘ
human ⓘ |
| caseFatalityRateInHorses | high ⓘ |
| caseFatalityRateInHumans | high ⓘ |
| causesDisease |
Hendra virus disease in horses
ⓘ
Hendra virus disease in humans ⓘ |
| clinicalManifestation |
acute respiratory distress
ⓘ
encephalitis ⓘ neurological disease ⓘ severe respiratory disease ⓘ |
| controlStrategy |
reducing horse exposure to bat excretions
ⓘ
vaccination of horses ⓘ |
| discoveredInCountry | Australia ⓘ |
| enveloped | true ⓘ |
| family |
Mononegavirales
ⓘ
surface form:
Paramyxoviridae
|
| firstDetectedIn |
Hendra, Queensland
ⓘ
surface form:
Hendra, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
|
| firstReportedYear | 1994 ⓘ |
| genomePolarity | negative-sense ⓘ |
| genomeSegmented | false ⓘ |
| genomeType | single-stranded RNA ⓘ |
| genus |
Mononegavirales
ⓘ
surface form:
Henipavirus
|
| geographicDistribution | eastern Australia ⓘ |
| host | Pteropus fruit bats ⓘ |
| humanToHumanTransmission | no sustained human-to-human transmission documented ⓘ |
| naturalReservoir | fruit bats ⓘ |
| notableOutbreak | 1994 Hendra outbreak in racehorses and humans ⓘ |
| order | Mononegavirales ⓘ |
| parentTaxon |
Mononegavirales
ⓘ
surface form:
Henipavirus
Mononegavirales ⓘ
surface form:
Paramyxoviridae
|
| particleShape | pleomorphic ⓘ |
| primarySpilloverHost | horse ⓘ |
| receptorUsage |
Ephrin-B2
ⓘ
Ephrin-B3 ⓘ |
| relatedTo | Nipah virus ⓘ |
| reservoirHost |
Pteropus
ⓘ
surface form:
Pteropus fruit bats
|
| taxonRank | species ⓘ |
| transmissionRoute |
bat-to-horse
ⓘ
contact with infected horse secretions ⓘ horse-to-human ⓘ |
| transmissionToHumans | primarily via infected horses ⓘ |
| vaccineAvailableFor | horse ⓘ |
| vaccineType | subunit vaccine for horses ⓘ |
| zoonotic | true ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Hendra virus Description of subject: Hendra virus is a highly lethal zoonotic virus originating in fruit bats that can infect horses and humans, causing severe respiratory and neurological disease.
Referenced by (2)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.