Helots

E288240
serf class social class subject people unfree population

Helots were an unfree, state-owned serf population in ancient Sparta who farmed the land and provided labor while being harshly controlled by the Spartan citizen elite.

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All labels observed (3)

Label Occurrences
Helots canonical 4
Spartan helots 1
helots 1

Statements (48)

Predicate Object
instanceOf serf class ⓘ
social class ⓘ
subject people ⓘ
unfree population ⓘ
associatedWith Spartan perioikoi ⓘ
surface form: Spartan economy

Spartan military system ⓘ
controlledBy Spartiates ⓘ
surface form: Spartan citizen elite

Sparta ⓘ
surface form: Spartan state
couldBe manumitted for military service ⓘ
couldNot freely relocate ⓘ
own land independently ⓘ
participate in Spartan political institutions ⓘ
documentedBy Herodotus ⓘ
Plutarch ⓘ
Thucydides ⓘ
economicFunction supported full-time Spartan warriors ⓘ
ethnicallyDistinctFrom Perioikoi ⓘ
Spartiates ⓘ
etymologyHypothesis possibly derived from Helos, a town in Laconia ⓘ
language Greek ⓘ
legalStatus state-owned serfs ⓘ
locatedIn Laconia ⓘ
Messenia ⓘ
Sparta ⓘ
obligations deliver fixed portion of produce to Spartan masters ⓘ
ownedBy Sparta ⓘ
surface form: Spartan state
partOf Spartan society ⓘ
primaryOccupation agricultural laborers ⓘ
farmers ⓘ
provided agricultural surplus to Spartan citizens ⓘ
domestic labor ⓘ
military support roles ⓘ
residencePattern lived in rural villages ⓘ
revoltedAfter 464 BC Spartan earthquake ⓘ
revoltedIn Second Messenian War ⓘ
surface form: Messenian revolts
risk mass punishment for rebellion ⓘ
roleInMilitary light-armed troops ⓘ
rowers in Spartan fleets ⓘ
socialStatusComparedTo lower than Perioikoi ⓘ
lower than Spartiates ⓘ
status unfree ⓘ
subjectTo annual declaration of war by Spartan ephors ⓘ
harsh treatment ⓘ
legal disabilities ⓘ
secret police operations by the krypteia ⓘ
systematic oppression ⓘ
timePeriod Archaic Greece ⓘ
Classical Greece ⓘ

Referenced by (6)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Sparta → citizenClass → Helots ⓘ
ancient Laconia → socialClassStructure → Helots ⓘ
Partheniae → relatedConcept → Helots ⓘ
this entity surface form: Spartan helots
Perioikoi → distinctFrom → Helots ⓘ
Spartan polis → subjectClass → Helots ⓘ
this entity surface form: helots
Spartans → socialClassSystem → Helots ⓘ