Standard German phonology
E283425
Standard German phonology is the sound system of the standardized variety of German, characterized by its codified vowel and consonant inventories, stress patterns, and pronunciation norms used in formal communication and education.
All labels observed (2)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Standard German phonology canonical | 1 |
| Standard German pronunciation | 1 |
Statements (80)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
component of Standard German
ⓘ
phonological system ⓘ |
| codifiedIn |
Duden Aussprachewörterbuch
ⓘ
pronunciation dictionaries of Standard German ⓘ |
| distinguishesPhonemically |
front rounded and front unrounded vowels
ⓘ
long and short tense-lax vowel pairs such as /iː/–/ɪ/ ⓘ |
| hasAllophonyRule |
/r/ realized as [ʁ], [ʀ], or [ɐ̯] depending on context
ⓘ
ach-Laut [x] after back vowels and /a/ ⓘ final-obstruent devoicing ⓘ ich-Laut [ç] after front vowels and consonants ⓘ |
| hasConsonant |
/b/
ⓘ
/d/ ⓘ /dʒ/ ⓘ /f/ ⓘ /g/ ⓘ /h/ ⓘ /j/ ⓘ /k/ ⓘ /l/ ⓘ /m/ ⓘ /n/ ⓘ /p/ ⓘ /pf/ ⓘ /s/ ⓘ /t/ ⓘ /ts/ ⓘ /tʃ/ ⓘ /v/ ⓘ /x/ ⓘ /z/ ⓘ /ç/ ⓘ /ŋ/ ⓘ /ʁ/ ⓘ /ʃ/ ⓘ |
| hasConsonantInventorySize | about 25 consonant phonemes ⓘ |
| hasDiphthong |
/aɪ/
ⓘ
/aʊ/ ⓘ /ɔʏ/ ⓘ |
| hasGraphemeToPhonemeRelation |
final devoicing not represented in spelling
ⓘ
orthography only partially reflects vowel length ⓘ |
| hasIntonationFeature |
declaratives typically with falling pitch
ⓘ
yes–no questions often with rising final contour ⓘ |
| hasMonophthong |
/a/
ⓘ
/aː/ ⓘ /eː/ ⓘ /iː/ ⓘ /oː/ ⓘ /uː/ ⓘ /yː/ ⓘ /øː/ ⓘ /œ/ ⓘ /ɔ/ ⓘ /ə/ ⓘ /ɛ/ ⓘ /ɪ/ ⓘ /ʊ/ ⓘ /ʏ/ ⓘ |
| hasNeutralizationProcess | voicing contrast neutralized word-finally in obstruents ⓘ |
| hasPhonemicLengthContrast |
some consonants in restricted contexts
ⓘ
vowels ⓘ |
| hasPhonotacticConstraint |
complex onsets and codas allowed
ⓘ
no voiced obstruents in syllable-final position underlyingly ⓘ syllables typically have onset, nucleus, and optional coda ⓘ |
| hasProsodicFeature |
lexical stress
ⓘ
phrase-level intonation patterns ⓘ |
| hasRegionalVariation |
Austrian Standard German pronunciation
ⓘ
Swiss Standard German pronunciation ⓘ northern Standard German pronunciation ⓘ southern Standard German pronunciation ⓘ |
| hasStandardVariety |
Bühnendeutsch
ⓘ
stage pronunciation of German ⓘ |
| hasStressPattern |
primary stress usually on the first stem syllable
ⓘ
secondary stress possible in compounds ⓘ |
| hasSyllableStructureTendency | stress-timed rhythm ⓘ |
| hasVowelInventorySize |
approximately 15 monophthongs
ⓘ
approximately 3 phonemic diphthongs ⓘ |
| language | Standard German ⓘ |
| usedIn |
education in German as a first language
ⓘ
formal communication in German-speaking countries ⓘ teaching German as a foreign language ⓘ |
Referenced by (2)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
this entity surface form:
Standard German pronunciation