Trail of Broken Treaties
E280881
The Trail of Broken Treaties was a 1972 cross-country protest caravan and occupation of the Bureau of Indian Affairs in Washington, D.C., organized by Native American activists to demand recognition of treaty rights and tribal sovereignty.
All labels observed (4)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Trail of Broken Treaties canonical | 6 |
| 1972 Trail of Broken Treaties | 1 |
| Trail of Broken Treaties (1972) | 1 |
| “Trail of Broken Treaties” | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T2593881 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Trail of Broken Treaties Context triple: [Red Power movement, hasKeyEvent, Trail of Broken Treaties]
-
A.
Custer Died for Your Sins
"Custer Died for Your Sins" is a groundbreaking 1969 book by Vine Deloria Jr. that sharply critiques U.S. policies toward Native Americans and helped catalyze the Native American civil rights movement and literary renaissance.
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B.
Red Bird uprising
The Red Bird uprising was a brief 1827 Native American resistance led by the Ho-Chunk (Winnebago) leader Red Bird against United States encroachment in what is now Wisconsin.
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C.
Binding the Nation
Binding the Nation is a permanent exhibition at the National Postal Museum that explores how the U.S. postal system helped connect and unify the country’s people, commerce, and culture.
-
D.
"Fifty-Four Forty or Fight"
"Fifty-Four Forty or Fight" was a mid-19th-century American expansionist slogan associated with demands to claim the entire Oregon Territory up to latitude 54°40′ north, even at the risk of war with Britain.
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E.
Lords of the Plains
Lords of the Plains is a renowned epithet for the Comanche, a Native American people historically famed for their exceptional horsemanship, warrior culture, and dominance across the Southern Plains.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Trail of Broken Treaties Target entity description: The Trail of Broken Treaties was a 1972 cross-country protest caravan and occupation of the Bureau of Indian Affairs in Washington, D.C., organized by Native American activists to demand recognition of treaty rights and tribal sovereignty.
-
A.
Custer Died for Your Sins
"Custer Died for Your Sins" is a groundbreaking 1969 book by Vine Deloria Jr. that sharply critiques U.S. policies toward Native Americans and helped catalyze the Native American civil rights movement and literary renaissance.
-
B.
Red Bird uprising
The Red Bird uprising was a brief 1827 Native American resistance led by the Ho-Chunk (Winnebago) leader Red Bird against United States encroachment in what is now Wisconsin.
-
C.
Binding the Nation
Binding the Nation is a permanent exhibition at the National Postal Museum that explores how the U.S. postal system helped connect and unify the country’s people, commerce, and culture.
-
D.
"Fifty-Four Forty or Fight"
"Fifty-Four Forty or Fight" was a mid-19th-century American expansionist slogan associated with demands to claim the entire Oregon Territory up to latitude 54°40′ north, even at the risk of war with Britain.
-
E.
Lords of the Plains
Lords of the Plains is a renowned epithet for the Comanche, a Native American people historically famed for their exceptional horsemanship, warrior culture, and dominance across the Southern Plains.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (48)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
Native American civil rights protest
ⓘ
political demonstration ⓘ protest movement ⓘ |
| cause |
failure of the U.S. government to honor treaty obligations
ⓘ
violation of treaties between the United States and Native American nations ⓘ |
| chronologyWithinTopic | late 20th-century Native American protest actions ⓘ |
| country |
United States of America
ⓘ
surface form:
United States
|
| describedBySource | United States historical accounts of Native American activism ⓘ |
| followedBy | Wounded Knee Occupation (1973) ⓘ |
| genre | social movement ⓘ |
| goal |
establishment of a treaty commission
ⓘ
increased Native American control over reservation affairs ⓘ reassertion of Native American treaty rights ⓘ recognition of tribal sovereignty ⓘ reform of federal Indian policy ⓘ restoration of treaty-making powers between the United States and tribes ⓘ review and revision of past treaties ⓘ |
| hasEffect |
heightened national awareness of Native American issues
ⓘ
increased visibility of the American Indian Movement ⓘ tension between Native activists and federal authorities ⓘ |
| hasEndTime | November 1972 ⓘ |
| hasLanguage | English ⓘ |
| hasPart |
20-point proposal to the U.S. government
ⓘ
cross-country caravan ⓘ occupation of the Bureau of Indian Affairs ⓘ |
| hasStartTime |
1972
ⓘ
October 1972 ⓘ |
| location |
Bureau of Indian Affairs
ⓘ
surface form:
Bureau of Indian Affairs headquarters
Washington, D.C. ⓘ |
| mainSubject |
Native American treaty rights
ⓘ
federal-tribal relations in the United States ⓘ self-determination of Indigenous peoples ⓘ tribal sovereignty ⓘ |
| movement | Red Power movement ⓘ |
| namedAfter | broken treaties between the United States and Native nations ⓘ |
| opposedBy |
Bureau of Indian Affairs
ⓘ
United States government ⓘ
surface form:
United States federal government
|
| organizer |
American Indian Committee on Alcohol and Drug Abuse
ⓘ
American Indian Movement ⓘ American Indian Movement ⓘ
surface form:
American Indian Movement of Colorado
National American Indian Council ⓘ Assembly of First Nations ⓘ
surface form:
National Indian Brotherhood
National Indian Youth Council ⓘ Native American Rights Fund ⓘ |
| participant |
Native American activists
ⓘ
members of the American Indian Movement ⓘ tribal representatives from across the United States ⓘ |
| significantEvent | presentation of a 20-point position paper ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Trail of Broken Treaties Description of subject: The Trail of Broken Treaties was a 1972 cross-country protest caravan and occupation of the Bureau of Indian Affairs in Washington, D.C., organized by Native American activists to demand recognition of treaty rights and tribal sovereignty.
Referenced by (9)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
this entity surface form:
“Trail of Broken Treaties”
this entity surface form:
Trail of Broken Treaties (1972)
this entity surface form:
1972 Trail of Broken Treaties