serial endosymbiosis theory
E276910
Serial endosymbiosis theory is a scientific hypothesis proposing that key organelles of eukaryotic cells, such as mitochondria and chloroplasts, originated through successive symbiotic mergers between ancestral prokaryotic organisms.
All labels observed (2)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| serial endosymbiosis theory canonical | 1 |
| theory of symbiogenesis | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T2553866 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: serial endosymbiosis theory Context triple: [Microcosmos, associatedWithTheory, serial endosymbiosis theory]
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A.
Symbiosis in Cell Evolution
Symbiosis in Cell Evolution is a landmark scientific book by Lynn Margulis that argues complex eukaryotic cells arose through symbiotic mergers of simpler organisms, helping establish the endosymbiotic theory in evolutionary biology.
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B.
Origin of Eukaryotic Cells
Origin of Eukaryotic Cells is a landmark scientific book by Lynn Margulis that advanced the endosymbiotic theory explaining how complex eukaryotic cells evolved from symbiotic relationships between simpler prokaryotic organisms.
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C.
“From Metabolism to Symbiosis”
“From Metabolism to Symbiosis” is a theoretical work by Japanese architect Kisho Kurokawa that traces his evolution from the Metabolist movement toward a philosophy of architecture based on coexistence and symbiotic relationships.
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D.
Haldane–Oparin hypothesis of the origin of life
The Haldane–Oparin hypothesis of the origin of life proposes that life first arose through a gradual chemical evolution of organic molecules in Earth’s early “primordial soup,” eventually leading to self-replicating systems.
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E.
Microcosmos: Four Billion Years of Microbial Evolution
Microcosmos: Four Billion Years of Microbial Evolution is a popular science book by Lynn Margulis that explores the central role of microbes in the evolution and functioning of life on Earth.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: serial endosymbiosis theory Target entity description: Serial endosymbiosis theory is a scientific hypothesis proposing that key organelles of eukaryotic cells, such as mitochondria and chloroplasts, originated through successive symbiotic mergers between ancestral prokaryotic organisms.
-
A.
Symbiosis in Cell Evolution
Symbiosis in Cell Evolution is a landmark scientific book by Lynn Margulis that argues complex eukaryotic cells arose through symbiotic mergers of simpler organisms, helping establish the endosymbiotic theory in evolutionary biology.
-
B.
Origin of Eukaryotic Cells
Origin of Eukaryotic Cells is a landmark scientific book by Lynn Margulis that advanced the endosymbiotic theory explaining how complex eukaryotic cells evolved from symbiotic relationships between simpler prokaryotic organisms.
-
C.
“From Metabolism to Symbiosis”
“From Metabolism to Symbiosis” is a theoretical work by Japanese architect Kisho Kurokawa that traces his evolution from the Metabolist movement toward a philosophy of architecture based on coexistence and symbiotic relationships.
-
D.
Haldane–Oparin hypothesis of the origin of life
The Haldane–Oparin hypothesis of the origin of life proposes that life first arose through a gradual chemical evolution of organic molecules in Earth’s early “primordial soup,” eventually leading to self-replicating systems.
-
E.
Microcosmos: Four Billion Years of Microbial Evolution
Microcosmos: Four Billion Years of Microbial Evolution is a popular science book by Lynn Margulis that explores the central role of microbes in the evolution and functioning of life on Earth.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (49)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
biological hypothesis
ⓘ
scientific theory ⓘ |
| appliesTo |
origin of mitochondria in most eukaryotes
ⓘ
origin of plastids in algae ⓘ origin of plastids in plants ⓘ |
| associatedWith | Lynn Margulis ⓘ |
| basedOn |
bacterial-type ribosomes in mitochondria and chloroplasts
ⓘ
double membranes of mitochondria and chloroplasts ⓘ independent replication of mitochondria and chloroplasts ⓘ presence of circular DNA in mitochondria and chloroplasts ⓘ similarities between chloroplasts and cyanobacteria ⓘ similarities between mitochondria and bacteria ⓘ |
| contrastsWith | purely autogenous models of eukaryotic cell evolution ⓘ |
| developedBy | Lynn Margulis ⓘ |
| explains |
bacterial ancestry of chloroplast genomes
ⓘ
bacterial ancestry of mitochondrial genomes ⓘ mosaic nature of eukaryotic cells ⓘ presence of multiple genomes in eukaryotic cells ⓘ |
| field |
cell biology
ⓘ
evolutionary biology ⓘ microbiology ⓘ |
| focusesOn |
origin of chloroplasts
ⓘ
origin of eukaryotic cells ⓘ origin of mitochondria ⓘ |
| hasImplication |
eukaryotic cells are chimeric in origin
ⓘ
major evolutionary innovations can arise from symbiosis ⓘ symbiosis is a driving force in evolution ⓘ |
| involvesProcess |
co-evolution of host and symbionts
ⓘ
endocytosis-like engulfment of symbionts ⓘ gene transfer from symbionts to host nucleus ⓘ genome reduction in endosymbionts ⓘ |
| proposes |
chloroplasts originated from an ancestral photosynthetic bacterium
ⓘ
endosymbiotic events occurred in a series over evolutionary time ⓘ eukaryotic cell organelles originated from symbiotic prokaryotes ⓘ host cell engulfed but did not digest symbiotic bacteria ⓘ key eukaryotic organelles arose via endosymbiosis ⓘ mitochondria originated from an ancestral aerobic bacterium ⓘ symbionts and host evolved mutualistic relationships ⓘ |
| publication | Origin of Eukaryotic Cells ⓘ |
| relatedConcept |
endosymbiotic theory
ⓘ
primary endosymbiosis ⓘ secondary endosymbiosis ⓘ symbiogenesis ⓘ |
| supportedBy |
biochemical similarities between organelles and bacteria
ⓘ
comparative genomics ⓘ molecular phylogenetic evidence ⓘ structural similarities between organelles and bacteria ⓘ |
| timePopularized | 1970s ⓘ |
| timeProposed | 1960s ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: serial endosymbiosis theory Description of subject: Serial endosymbiosis theory is a scientific hypothesis proposing that key organelles of eukaryotic cells, such as mitochondria and chloroplasts, originated through successive symbiotic mergers between ancestral prokaryotic organisms.
Referenced by (2)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
this entity surface form:
theory of symbiogenesis