U.S. Route 31
E269410
U.S. Route 31 is a major north–south United States highway running through several Midwestern and Southern states, connecting communities along the eastern shore of Lake Michigan down to the Gulf Coast.
All labels observed (5)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| U.S. Route 31 canonical | 17 |
| US Highway 31 | 2 |
| U.S. Route 31 in Alabama | 1 |
| U.S. Route 31 in Indiana | 1 |
| U.S. Route 31 in Michigan | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T398370 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: U.S. Route 31 Context triple: [Traverse City, Michigan, transportation, U.S. Route 31]
-
A.
U.S. Route 31W
U.S. Route 31W is a major north–south U.S. highway running through Kentucky and Tennessee, serving as an important regional connector between cities such as Louisville, Elizabethtown, and Nashville.
-
B.
U.S. Route 27
U.S. Route 27 is a major north–south United States highway that runs from Florida to Michigan, passing through several southeastern and midwestern states.
-
C.
U.S. Route 29
U.S. Route 29 is a major north–south U.S. Highway running from Florida to Virginia, connecting numerous cities across the southeastern and mid-Atlantic United States.
-
D.
U.S. Route 41
U.S. Route 41 is a major north–south United States highway running from Miami, Florida, to the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, passing through several key Midwestern and Southern states.
-
E.
U.S. Route 59
U.S. Route 59 is a north–south United States highway that runs from the Mexico–U.S. border in Texas to the Canada–U.S. border in Minnesota, passing through several central states.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: U.S. Route 31 Target entity description: U.S. Route 31 is a major north–south United States highway running through several Midwestern and Southern states, connecting communities along the eastern shore of Lake Michigan down to the Gulf Coast.
-
A.
U.S. Route 31W
U.S. Route 31W is a major north–south U.S. highway running through Kentucky and Tennessee, serving as an important regional connector between cities such as Louisville, Elizabethtown, and Nashville.
-
B.
U.S. Route 27
U.S. Route 27 is a major north–south United States highway that runs from Florida to Michigan, passing through several southeastern and midwestern states.
-
C.
U.S. Route 29
U.S. Route 29 is a major north–south U.S. Highway running from Florida to Virginia, connecting numerous cities across the southeastern and mid-Atlantic United States.
-
D.
U.S. Route 41
U.S. Route 41 is a major north–south United States highway running from Miami, Florida, to the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, passing through several key Midwestern and Southern states.
-
E.
U.S. Route 59
U.S. Route 59 is a north–south United States highway that runs from the Mexico–U.S. border in Texas to the Canada–U.S. border in Minnesota, passing through several central states.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (38)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
U.S. Numbered Highway
ⓘ
north–south highway ⓘ |
| connectsCommunityType |
cities
ⓘ
rural communities ⓘ towns ⓘ |
| connectsRegion |
Great Lakes region
ⓘ
Gulf Coast of the United States ⓘ
surface form:
Gulf Coast
|
| connectsToBodyOfWater |
Gulf of Mexico
ⓘ
Lake Michigan ⓘ |
| country |
United States of America
ⓘ
surface form:
United States
|
| followsShore | eastern shore of Lake Michigan ⓘ |
| hasAbbreviation | US 31 ⓘ |
| hasAccessControl | mixed freeway and at-grade segments ⓘ |
| hasDirection | north–south ⓘ |
| hasFunction | connects Midwestern communities to Gulf Coast communities ⓘ |
| hasLanes | varies by segment ⓘ |
| hasSignColor | black-and-white shield ⓘ |
| isNumbered | 31 ⓘ |
| isNumberedWithin | U.S. Highway 1–99 mainline series ⓘ |
| isPartOfCorridor | north–south transportation corridor along eastern Lake Michigan ⓘ |
| isPublicRoad | true ⓘ |
| maintainedBy | state departments of transportation ⓘ |
| orientation | longitudinal ⓘ |
| partOf | United States Numbered Highway System ⓘ |
| passesThroughState |
Alabama
ⓘ
Florida ⓘ Indiana ⓘ Kentucky ⓘ Michigan ⓘ Tennessee ⓘ |
| roadType | arterial highway ⓘ |
| runsThroughRegion |
Midwestern United States
ⓘ
Southern United States ⓘ |
| servesAs | major regional connector ⓘ |
| supportsTrafficType |
commercial trucks
ⓘ
local traffic ⓘ passenger vehicles ⓘ through traffic ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: U.S. Route 31 Description of subject: U.S. Route 31 is a major north–south United States highway running through several Midwestern and Southern states, connecting communities along the eastern shore of Lake Michigan down to the Gulf Coast.
Referenced by (22)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
subject surface form:
Ottawa County, Michigan
this entity surface form:
US Highway 31
this entity surface form:
U.S. Route 31 in Indiana
this entity surface form:
U.S. Route 31 in Michigan
subject surface form:
Butler County, Alabama
subject surface form:
Traverse City State Park
this entity surface form:
US Highway 31
this entity surface form:
U.S. Route 31 in Alabama