Middle Horizon

E238908

The Middle Horizon was a major pre-Columbian archaeological period in the central Andes marked by the expansion and influence of powerful highland states such as Tiwanaku and Wari.

All labels observed (3)

How this entity was disambiguated

Statements (46)

Predicate Object
instanceOf archaeological period ⓘ
pre-Columbian period ⓘ
associatedWithCulture Tiwanaku culture ⓘ
Wari Empire ⓘ
surface form: Wari culture
characterizedBy expansion of highland states ⓘ
long-distance interaction networks ⓘ
state-level political organization ⓘ
widespread iconographic styles ⓘ
follows Early Intermediate Period ⓘ
hasApproximateDuration about 400 years ⓘ
hasArchaeologicalSignature distinctive ceramics ⓘ
monumental architecture ⓘ
planned urban centers ⓘ
religious iconography ⓘ
road networks ⓘ
textile styles ⓘ
hasCoreRegion Altiplano plateau ⓘ
surface form: Bolivian altiplano

Peruvian highlands ⓘ
south-central Andean highlands ⓘ
hasEndTime circa 1000 CE ⓘ
hasKeyPolity Tiwanaku culture ⓘ
surface form: Tiwanaku state

Wari Empire ⓘ
surface form: Wari state
hasLanguageFamilyContext Aymaran languages ⓘ
Quechuan language family ⓘ
surface form: Quechuan languages
hasLocation Andean region ⓘ
surface form: Andean highlands

Central Andes ⓘ
surface form: central Andes
hasStartTime circa 600 CE ⓘ
hasTypeOfInteraction interregional exchange ⓘ
political integration ⓘ
religious diffusion ⓘ
influencesRegion Bolivia ⓘ
coastal Peru ⓘ
northern Chile ⓘ
northwest Argentina ⓘ
Southern Peru ⓘ
surface form: southern Peru
knownFor spread of Wari administrative centers ⓘ
widespread Tiwanaku religious imagery ⓘ
overlapsWith Andean Middle Horizon ⓘ
surface form: Middle Horizon Wari expansion

Tiwanaku IV–V phases ⓘ
partOf Andean archaeology ⓘ
surface form: Andean chronology
precedes Late Intermediate Period ⓘ
precedesEvent rise of Late Intermediate regional polities ⓘ
relatedConcept Horizons and Intermediate Periods model in Andean archaeology ⓘ
studiedInDiscipline Andean archaeology ⓘ
pre-Columbian studies ⓘ
temporalPosition middle period of Andean prehistory ⓘ

How these facts were elicited

Referenced by (12)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Tiwanaku culture → period → Middle Horizon ⓘ
Early Intermediate Period → precedes → Middle Horizon ⓘ
San José de Moro → archaeologicalPeriod → Middle Horizon ⓘ
Pikillaqta → timePeriod → Middle Horizon ⓘ
Viracochapampa → timePeriod → Middle Horizon ⓘ
Jincamocco → locatedInTime → Middle Horizon ⓘ
this entity surface form: Middle Horizon period
Middle Horizon 1–2 → partOf → Middle Horizon ⓘ
Tiwanaku archaeological site → flourishedDuring → Middle Horizon ⓘ
this entity surface form: Middle Horizon period
Gateway of the Sun → constructionPeriod → Middle Horizon ⓘ
this entity surface form: Middle Horizon period
Late Intermediate Period → follows → Middle Horizon ⓘ
Cerro Blanco (Moche Valley) → culturalPeriod → Middle Horizon ⓘ
this entity surface form: Middle Horizon (early phases)
Chancay culture → timePeriod → Middle Horizon ⓘ