Middle Horizon

E238908
archaeological period pre-Columbian period

The Middle Horizon was a major pre-Columbian archaeological period in the central Andes marked by the expansion and influence of powerful highland states such as Tiwanaku and Wari.

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All labels observed (3)

Label Occurrences
Middle Horizon canonical 8
Middle Horizon period 3
Middle Horizon (early phases) 1

Statements (46)

Predicate Object
instanceOf archaeological period ⓘ
pre-Columbian period ⓘ
associatedWithCulture Tiwanaku culture ⓘ
Wari Empire ⓘ
surface form: Wari culture
characterizedBy expansion of highland states ⓘ
long-distance interaction networks ⓘ
state-level political organization ⓘ
widespread iconographic styles ⓘ
follows Early Intermediate Period ⓘ
hasApproximateDuration about 400 years ⓘ
hasArchaeologicalSignature distinctive ceramics ⓘ
monumental architecture ⓘ
planned urban centers ⓘ
religious iconography ⓘ
road networks ⓘ
textile styles ⓘ
hasCoreRegion Altiplano plateau ⓘ
surface form: Bolivian altiplano

Peruvian highlands ⓘ
south-central Andean highlands ⓘ
hasEndTime circa 1000 CE ⓘ
hasKeyPolity Tiwanaku culture ⓘ
surface form: Tiwanaku state

Wari Empire ⓘ
surface form: Wari state
hasLanguageFamilyContext Aymaran languages ⓘ
Quechuan language family ⓘ
surface form: Quechuan languages
hasLocation Andean region ⓘ
surface form: Andean highlands

Central Andes ⓘ
surface form: central Andes
hasStartTime circa 600 CE ⓘ
hasTypeOfInteraction interregional exchange ⓘ
political integration ⓘ
religious diffusion ⓘ
influencesRegion Bolivia ⓘ
coastal Peru ⓘ
northern Chile ⓘ
northwest Argentina ⓘ
Southern Peru ⓘ
surface form: southern Peru
knownFor spread of Wari administrative centers ⓘ
widespread Tiwanaku religious imagery ⓘ
overlapsWith Andean Middle Horizon ⓘ
surface form: Middle Horizon Wari expansion

Tiwanaku IV–V phases ⓘ
partOf Andean archaeology ⓘ
surface form: Andean chronology
precedes Late Intermediate Period ⓘ
precedesEvent rise of Late Intermediate regional polities ⓘ
relatedConcept Horizons and Intermediate Periods model in Andean archaeology ⓘ
studiedInDiscipline Andean archaeology ⓘ
pre-Columbian studies ⓘ
temporalPosition middle period of Andean prehistory ⓘ

Referenced by (12)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Tiwanaku culture → period → Middle Horizon ⓘ
Early Intermediate Period → precedes → Middle Horizon ⓘ
San José de Moro → archaeologicalPeriod → Middle Horizon ⓘ
Pikillaqta → timePeriod → Middle Horizon ⓘ
Viracochapampa → timePeriod → Middle Horizon ⓘ
Jincamocco → locatedInTime → Middle Horizon ⓘ
this entity surface form: Middle Horizon period
Middle Horizon 1–2 → partOf → Middle Horizon ⓘ
Tiwanaku archaeological site → flourishedDuring → Middle Horizon ⓘ
this entity surface form: Middle Horizon period
Gateway of the Sun → constructionPeriod → Middle Horizon ⓘ
this entity surface form: Middle Horizon period
Late Intermediate Period → follows → Middle Horizon ⓘ
Cerro Blanco (Moche Valley) → culturalPeriod → Middle Horizon ⓘ
this entity surface form: Middle Horizon (early phases)
Chancay culture → timePeriod → Middle Horizon ⓘ