Alton Lemon
E231888
Alton Lemon was a civil rights activist whose role as lead plaintiff in a landmark U.S. Supreme Court case on church–state separation led to the establishment of the influential "Lemon test" for evaluating laws under the First Amendment.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Alton Lemon canonical | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T1539086 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Alton Lemon Context triple: [Lemon test, namedAfter, Alton Lemon]
-
A.
Roy McGivern
Roy McGivern is a Northern Irish football administrator best known for serving as chairman of Linfield FC, one of the country’s most successful and historic clubs.
-
B.
Fred C. Dobbs
Fred C. Dobbs is the desperate, increasingly paranoid prospector at the center of the 1948 film "The Treasure of the Sierra Madre."
-
C.
Alton G. Keel Jr.
Alton G. Keel Jr. was an American aerospace engineer and government official who held senior defense and space policy roles, including service on the Rogers Commission investigating the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster.
-
D.
Robert Tatum
Robert Tatum was an American mountaineer best known as a member of the first successful expedition to reach the summit of Denali (Mount McKinley) in 1913.
-
E.
Herschel Daugherty
Herschel Daugherty was an American film and television director best known for his prolific work in mid-20th-century TV dramas and anthology series.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Alton Lemon Target entity description: Alton Lemon was a civil rights activist whose role as lead plaintiff in a landmark U.S. Supreme Court case on church–state separation led to the establishment of the influential "Lemon test" for evaluating laws under the First Amendment.
-
A.
Roy McGivern
Roy McGivern is a Northern Irish football administrator best known for serving as chairman of Linfield FC, one of the country’s most successful and historic clubs.
-
B.
Fred C. Dobbs
Fred C. Dobbs is the desperate, increasingly paranoid prospector at the center of the 1948 film "The Treasure of the Sierra Madre."
-
C.
Alton G. Keel Jr.
Alton G. Keel Jr. was an American aerospace engineer and government official who held senior defense and space policy roles, including service on the Rogers Commission investigating the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster.
-
D.
Robert Tatum
Robert Tatum was an American mountaineer best known as a member of the first successful expedition to reach the summit of Denali (Mount McKinley) in 1913.
-
E.
Herschel Daugherty
Herschel Daugherty was an American film and television director best known for his prolific work in mid-20th-century TV dramas and anthology series.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (43)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
civil rights activist
ⓘ
human ⓘ plaintiff ⓘ |
| causeOfDeath | Alzheimer's disease ⓘ |
| conflict | Korean War ⓘ |
| countryOfCitizenship | United States of America ⓘ |
| dateOfBirth | 1928-10-19 ⓘ |
| dateOfDeath | 2013-05-04 ⓘ |
| describedBySource | obituaries in major U.S. newspapers in 2013 ⓘ |
| educatedAt |
Morehouse College
ⓘ
University of Pennsylvania ⓘ |
| employer |
Philadelphia
ⓘ
surface form:
City of Philadelphia
Department of Health, Education, and Welfare ⓘ
surface form:
U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare
|
| ethnicGroup |
Black Americans
ⓘ
surface form:
African American
|
| familyName | Lemon ⓘ |
| fieldOfWork |
church–state separation
ⓘ
civil rights ⓘ |
| fullName | Alton Toussaint Lemon ⓘ |
| givenName | Alton ⓘ |
| hasHonor |
Lemon test named after him
ⓘ
Lemon v. Kurtzman ⓘ
surface form:
Lemon v. Kurtzman named after him
|
| influenced |
U.S. Supreme Court doctrine on church–state separation
ⓘ
jurisprudence on the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment ⓘ |
| knownFor |
Lemon test
ⓘ
Lemon v. Kurtzman ⓘ |
| legalCase | Lemon v. Kurtzman ⓘ |
| legalCaseRole | lead plaintiff in Lemon v. Kurtzman ⓘ |
| memberOf |
American Civil Liberties Union
ⓘ
NAACP ⓘ
surface form:
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
|
| militaryBranch | United States Army ⓘ |
| notableAchievement | helped establish three-pronged Lemon test for evaluating Establishment Clause cases ⓘ |
| notableEvent | served as lead plaintiff challenging state aid to parochial schools in Pennsylvania ⓘ |
| notableWork | lead plaintiff in Lemon v. Kurtzman ⓘ |
| numberOfChildren | 1 ⓘ |
| occupation |
civil rights activist
ⓘ
government employee ⓘ social worker ⓘ |
| placeOfBirth |
McDonough, Georgia
ⓘ
surface form:
McDonough, Georgia, United States
|
| placeOfDeath |
Philadelphia
ⓘ
surface form:
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
|
| positionHeld | president of the Philadelphia chapter of the NAACP ⓘ |
| religiousBelief | Unitarian Universalism ⓘ |
| residence |
Philadelphia
ⓘ
surface form:
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
|
| spouse | Augusta Lemon ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Alton Lemon Description of subject: Alton Lemon was a civil rights activist whose role as lead plaintiff in a landmark U.S. Supreme Court case on church–state separation led to the establishment of the influential "Lemon test" for evaluating laws under the First Amendment.
Referenced by (1)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.