John James Rickard Macleod
E20036
John James Rickard Macleod was a Scottish physiologist and Nobel Prize–winning co-discoverer of insulin whose work fundamentally transformed the treatment of diabetes.
All labels observed (5)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| John James Rickard Macleod canonical | 3 |
| John Macleod | 2 |
| John Macleod (physiologist) | 2 |
| J. J. R. Macleod | 1 |
| John Macleod (physician) | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T161875 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: John James Rickard Macleod Context triple: [Frederick Banting, sharedNobelPrizeWith, John James Rickard Macleod]
-
A.
Frederick Banting
Frederick Banting was a Canadian medical scientist and physician best known for co-discovering insulin, a breakthrough that revolutionized the treatment of diabetes and earned him the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
-
B.
Sir Frederick Gowland Hopkins
Sir Frederick Gowland Hopkins was an English biochemist and Nobel laureate renowned for discovering essential nutrients later known as vitamins and for pioneering the field of nutritional biochemistry.
-
C.
Arthur Geoffrey Walker
Arthur Geoffrey Walker was a British mathematician and physicist best known for his foundational contributions to relativistic cosmology, particularly the development of the Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker (FLRW) metric.
-
D.
Emil Theodor Kocher
Emil Theodor Kocher was a Swiss surgeon and Nobel laureate renowned for his pioneering work in thyroid surgery and surgical techniques.
-
E.
Emil Adolf von Behring
Emil Adolf von Behring was a German physiologist and immunologist renowned for developing serum therapy against diphtheria and tetanus, earning him the inaugural Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: John James Rickard Macleod Target entity description: John James Rickard Macleod was a Scottish physiologist and Nobel Prize–winning co-discoverer of insulin whose work fundamentally transformed the treatment of diabetes.
-
A.
Frederick Banting
Frederick Banting was a Canadian medical scientist and physician best known for co-discovering insulin, a breakthrough that revolutionized the treatment of diabetes and earned him the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
-
B.
Sir Frederick Gowland Hopkins
Sir Frederick Gowland Hopkins was an English biochemist and Nobel laureate renowned for discovering essential nutrients later known as vitamins and for pioneering the field of nutritional biochemistry.
-
C.
Arthur Geoffrey Walker
Arthur Geoffrey Walker was a British mathematician and physicist best known for his foundational contributions to relativistic cosmology, particularly the development of the Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker (FLRW) metric.
-
D.
Emil Theodor Kocher
Emil Theodor Kocher was a Swiss surgeon and Nobel laureate renowned for his pioneering work in thyroid surgery and surgical techniques.
-
E.
Emil Adolf von Behring
Emil Adolf von Behring was a German physiologist and immunologist renowned for developing serum therapy against diphtheria and tetanus, earning him the inaugural Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (48)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
Nobel laureate in Physiology or Medicine
ⓘ
human ⓘ physiologist ⓘ university teacher ⓘ |
| academicDegree |
MB ChB
ⓘ
MD ⓘ |
| awardReceived |
Buchanan Medal
ⓘ
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine ⓘ |
| causeOfDeath | stroke ⓘ |
| countryOfCitizenship |
Canada
ⓘ
United Kingdom ⓘ |
| dateOfBirth | 1876-09-06 ⓘ |
| dateOfDeath | 1935-03-16 ⓘ |
| educatedAt |
Aberdeen Grammar School
ⓘ
University of Aberdeen ⓘ |
| employer |
University of Aberdeen
ⓘ
University of Toronto ⓘ Case Western Reserve University ⓘ
surface form:
Western Reserve University
|
| ethnicGroup | Scottish people ⓘ |
| familyName |
MacLeod
ⓘ
surface form:
Macleod
|
| fieldOfWork |
carbohydrate metabolism
ⓘ
endocrinology ⓘ physiology ⓘ |
| givenName |
James
ⓘ
John ⓘ |
| hasOccupation |
medical researcher
ⓘ
physician ⓘ |
| knownFor |
co-discovery of insulin
ⓘ
research on diabetes ⓘ |
| languageOfWorkOrName | English ⓘ |
| mainSubject |
diabetes mellitus
ⓘ
insulin ⓘ |
| nativeLanguage | English ⓘ |
| NobelPrizeSharedWith |
Frederick Banting
ⓘ
surface form:
Frederick Grant Banting
|
| NobelPrizeYear | 1923 ⓘ |
| notableWork | research on insulin ⓘ |
| placeOfBirth |
Clunie
ⓘ
Perth and Kinross ⓘ
surface form:
Perthshire
Scotland ⓘ |
| placeOfDeath |
Aberdeen
ⓘ
Scotland ⓘ |
| positionHeld |
Regius Professor of Physiology at the University of Aberdeen
ⓘ
head of the Department of Physiology at the University of Toronto ⓘ professor of physiology ⓘ |
| sexOrGender | male ⓘ |
| workLocation |
Aberdeen
ⓘ
Cleveland ⓘ Toronto ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: John James Rickard Macleod Description of subject: John James Rickard Macleod was a Scottish physiologist and Nobel Prize–winning co-discoverer of insulin whose work fundamentally transformed the treatment of diabetes.
Referenced by (9)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
this entity surface form:
John Macleod (physician)
this entity surface form:
John Macleod (physiologist)
this entity surface form:
John Macleod
this entity surface form:
John Macleod
this entity surface form:
John Macleod (physiologist)
this entity surface form:
J. J. R. Macleod