spacing effect
E154374
The spacing effect is a psychological phenomenon showing that information is learned and retained more effectively when study sessions are distributed over time rather than massed together.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| spacing effect canonical | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T1348086 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: spacing effect Context triple: [Hermann Ebbinghaus, knownFor, spacing effect]
-
A.
Cram
Cram is a surname most notably associated with Ralph Adams Cram, a prominent American architect known for his influential Gothic Revival designs.
-
B.
Music Quickens Time
Music Quickens Time is a collection of essays by conductor and pianist Daniel Barenboim reflecting on music’s role in culture, politics, and human understanding.
-
C.
SPR
The Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR) is the United States’ emergency stockpile of crude oil maintained to mitigate disruptions in petroleum supplies.
-
D.
Spare
Spare is Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex’s candid memoir detailing his life within the British royal family and his personal struggles and experiences.
-
E.
Time
Time is a 1995 song by the American rock band Screaming Trees, featured on their album "Dust."
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: spacing effect Target entity description: The spacing effect is a psychological phenomenon showing that information is learned and retained more effectively when study sessions are distributed over time rather than massed together.
-
A.
Cram
Cram is a surname most notably associated with Ralph Adams Cram, a prominent American architect known for his influential Gothic Revival designs.
-
B.
Music Quickens Time
Music Quickens Time is a collection of essays by conductor and pianist Daniel Barenboim reflecting on music’s role in culture, politics, and human understanding.
-
C.
SPR
The Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR) is the United States’ emergency stockpile of crude oil maintained to mitigate disruptions in petroleum supplies.
-
D.
Spare
Spare is Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex’s candid memoir detailing his life within the British royal family and his personal struggles and experiences.
-
E.
Time
Time is a 1995 song by the American rock band Screaming Trees, featured on their album "Dust."
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (50)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
learning principle
ⓘ
memory phenomenon ⓘ psychological phenomenon ⓘ |
| affects |
learning efficiency
ⓘ
long-term memory ⓘ retention of information ⓘ |
| appliesTo |
classroom learning
ⓘ
concept learning ⓘ motor learning ⓘ self-regulated learning ⓘ skill acquisition ⓘ verbal learning ⓘ |
| basedOn | temporal distribution of practice ⓘ |
| contrastsWith |
cramming
ⓘ
massed practice ⓘ |
| dependsOn |
learner characteristics
ⓘ
length of inter-study intervals ⓘ retention interval ⓘ type of material learned ⓘ |
| describes |
better retention with intervals between study sessions
ⓘ
improved learning when study sessions are spaced over time ⓘ |
| field |
cognitive psychology
ⓘ
educational psychology ⓘ |
| goal |
maximize long-term learning
ⓘ
optimize timing of study sessions ⓘ |
| hasBenefit |
better transfer of learning
ⓘ
improved long-term retention ⓘ more efficient study time use ⓘ reduced forgetting ⓘ |
| implies |
massed practice is less efficient for long-term retention
ⓘ
study sessions should be distributed over time ⓘ |
| involves |
distributed practice
ⓘ
spaced repetition ⓘ |
| observedIn |
humans
ⓘ
non-human animals ⓘ |
| relatedTo |
consolidation of memory
ⓘ
deficient processing theory ⓘ desirable difficulties ⓘ encoding variability ⓘ forgetting curve ⓘ study scheduling ⓘ testing effect ⓘ |
| supportedBy |
classroom studies
ⓘ
experimental research ⓘ laboratory studies ⓘ meta-analyses ⓘ |
| usedIn |
flashcard scheduling algorithms
ⓘ
instructional design ⓘ spaced repetition software ⓘ study skills training ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: spacing effect Description of subject: The spacing effect is a psychological phenomenon showing that information is learned and retained more effectively when study sessions are distributed over time rather than massed together.
Referenced by (1)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.