Pools of Bethesda archaeological site

E150187

archaeological site religious heritage site

The Pools of Bethesda archaeological site in Jerusalem contains the remains of ancient ritual baths and healing pools mentioned in the New Testament, revealing layers of Roman, Byzantine, and later religious structures.

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All labels observed (5)

Label	Occurrences
Pools of Bethesda	2
Bethesda (biblical pool)	1
Pool of Bethesda	1
Pools of Bethesda archaeological site canonical	1
pool of Bethesda	1

How this entity was disambiguated

This entity first appeared as the object of triple T1309129 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.

NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Pools of Bethesda archaeological site
Context triple: [Church of Saint Anne in Jerusalem, associatedWith, Pools of Bethesda archaeological site]

A. City of David archaeological area
The City of David archaeological area is an ancient site just south of Jerusalem’s Old City, widely regarded as the original urban core of Jerusalem and a major source of artifacts illuminating its biblical and early historical periods.
B. Al-Maghtas
Al-Maghtas is an archaeological and religious site on the Jordanian side of the Jordan River, widely venerated as the location of Jesus’ baptism and a major Christian pilgrimage destination.
C. Mount Gerizim area
The Mount Gerizim area is a historically significant region in the central highlands of the West Bank, revered as a sacred site and long-standing religious center by the Samaritan community.
D. Qumran
Qumran is an archaeological site in the West Bank best known for its ancient ruins and its association with the nearby caves where the Dead Sea Scrolls were discovered.
E. Talpiot Hill
Talpiot Hill is a prominent elevation in southern Jerusalem known for its residential neighborhoods, historical significance, and views over the city and surrounding Judean hills.
F. None of above. chosen
G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Pools of Bethesda archaeological site
Target entity description: The Pools of Bethesda archaeological site in Jerusalem contains the remains of ancient ritual baths and healing pools mentioned in the New Testament, revealing layers of Roman, Byzantine, and later religious structures.

A. City of David archaeological area
The City of David archaeological area is an ancient site just south of Jerusalem’s Old City, widely regarded as the original urban core of Jerusalem and a major source of artifacts illuminating its biblical and early historical periods.
B. Al-Maghtas
Al-Maghtas is an archaeological and religious site on the Jordanian side of the Jordan River, widely venerated as the location of Jesus’ baptism and a major Christian pilgrimage destination.
C. Mount Gerizim area
The Mount Gerizim area is a historically significant region in the central highlands of the West Bank, revered as a sacred site and long-standing religious center by the Samaritan community.
D. Qumran
Qumran is an archaeological site in the West Bank best known for its ancient ruins and its association with the nearby caves where the Dead Sea Scrolls were discovered.
E. Talpiot Hill
Talpiot Hill is a prominent elevation in southern Jerusalem known for its residential neighborhoods, historical significance, and views over the city and surrounding Judean hills.
F. None of above. chosen

Statements (48)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	archaeological site ⓘ religious heritage site ⓘ
associatedWithEvent	healing of the paralytic by Jesus ⓘ
associatedWithFigure	Jesus Christ ⓘ surface form: Jesus of Nazareth sick and disabled pilgrims ⓘ
country	Israel ⓘ
currentUse	Christian pilgrimage site ⓘ archaeological park ⓘ tourist attraction ⓘ
excavatedBy	Conrad Schick ⓘ
excavatedIn	19th century ⓘ
functionInAntiquity	healing sanctuary ⓘ ritual purification ⓘ water supply ⓘ
hasFeature	Byzantine sanctuary ⓘ Byzantine-period structures ⓘ Roman healing shrine remains ⓘ Roman-period structures ⓘ ancient pools ⓘ basilica remains ⓘ church ruins ⓘ healing pools ⓘ medieval religious structures ⓘ mikvaot ⓘ ritual baths ⓘ water reservoirs ⓘ
hasStratigraphy	multiple construction phases ⓘ overlapping religious complexes ⓘ
heritageDesignation	part of the Old City of Jerusalem UNESCO World Heritage Site ⓘ
locatedIn	East Jerusalem ⓘ Jerusalem ⓘ Old City of Jerusalem UNESCO World Heritage Site ⓘ surface form: Old City of Jerusalem
materialRemains	architectural fragments ⓘ pavements ⓘ rock-cut pools ⓘ stone masonry ⓘ
mentionedIn	Gospel of John ⓘ New Testament ⓘ
near	Church of Saint Anne in Jerusalem ⓘ surface form: St. Anne’s Church, Jerusalem
partOf	Christian Quarter of the Old City of Jerusalem ⓘ
religiousTradition	Christianity ⓘ Islam ⓘ Judaism ⓘ
timeDepth	Byzantine period ⓘ Crusader period ⓘ Ottoman period ⓘ Roman period ⓘ Second Temple Judaism ⓘ surface form: Second Temple period

How these facts were elicited

Referenced by (6)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Church of Saint Anne in Jerusalem → associatedWith → Pools of Bethesda archaeological site ⓘ

Bethesda → namedAfter → Pools of Bethesda archaeological site ⓘ

subject surface form: Bethesda, Maryland

this entity surface form: Pool of Bethesda

Bethesda Meeting House → namedAfter → Pools of Bethesda archaeological site ⓘ

this entity surface form: Bethesda (biblical pool)

healing of the paralytic at Bethesda → locatedAt → Pools of Bethesda archaeological site ⓘ

this entity surface form: pool of Bethesda

St. Stephen's Gate → givesAccessTo → Pools of Bethesda archaeological site ⓘ

this entity surface form: Pools of Bethesda

Bab al-Asbat → near → Pools of Bethesda archaeological site ⓘ