Executive Order 12356
E148420
Executive Order 12356 was a U.S. presidential directive issued by Ronald Reagan in 1982 that established the system for classifying, safeguarding, and declassifying national security information.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Executive Order 12356 canonical | 2 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T1156748 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Executive Order 12356 Context triple: [Executive Order 12958, replaced, Executive Order 12356]
-
A.
Executive Order 12036
Executive Order 12036 is a 1978 U.S. presidential directive issued by Jimmy Carter that restructured and regulated the activities of the American intelligence community.
-
B.
Executive Order 12065
Executive Order 12065 is a U.S. presidential directive issued in 1978 that established a uniform system for classifying, declassifying, and safeguarding national security information.
-
C.
Executive Order 12127
Executive Order 12127 is the 1979 presidential directive by Jimmy Carter that created the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) by consolidating various federal disaster-related responsibilities into a single agency.
-
D.
Executive Order 12148
Executive Order 12148 is a 1979 directive by President Jimmy Carter that reorganized federal emergency management functions and consolidated them into the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA).
-
E.
Executive Order 12958
Executive Order 12958 is a U.S. presidential directive that established a comprehensive system for classifying, safeguarding, and declassifying national security information.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Executive Order 12356 Target entity description: Executive Order 12356 was a U.S. presidential directive issued by Ronald Reagan in 1982 that established the system for classifying, safeguarding, and declassifying national security information.
-
A.
Executive Order 12036
Executive Order 12036 is a 1978 U.S. presidential directive issued by Jimmy Carter that restructured and regulated the activities of the American intelligence community.
-
B.
Executive Order 12065
Executive Order 12065 is a U.S. presidential directive issued in 1978 that established a uniform system for classifying, declassifying, and safeguarding national security information.
-
C.
Executive Order 12127
Executive Order 12127 is the 1979 presidential directive by Jimmy Carter that created the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) by consolidating various federal disaster-related responsibilities into a single agency.
-
D.
Executive Order 12148
Executive Order 12148 is a 1979 directive by President Jimmy Carter that reorganized federal emergency management functions and consolidated them into the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA).
-
E.
Executive Order 12958
Executive Order 12958 is a U.S. presidential directive that established a comprehensive system for classifying, safeguarding, and declassifying national security information.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (48)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
United States executive order
ⓘ
legal instrument ⓘ |
| administration | Reagan administration ⓘ |
| appliedUntil | 1995 ⓘ |
| appliesTo |
U.S. government national security information
ⓘ
executive branch agencies of the United States ⓘ |
| authority |
United States Constitution
ⓘ
surface form:
Constitution of the United States
laws of the United States ⓘ |
| classificationLevelsDefined |
Confidential
ⓘ
Secret ⓘ Top Secret ⓘ |
| codifiedIn | executive branch classification regulations ⓘ |
| country |
United States of America
ⓘ
surface form:
United States
|
| effectiveDate | 1982-08-01 ⓘ |
| established |
guidelines for mandatory declassification review
ⓘ
guidelines for systematic declassification review ⓘ standards for marking classified information ⓘ standards for safeguarding classified information ⓘ |
| federalRegisterCitation | 47 FR 14874 ⓘ |
| governs | handling of classified national security information ⓘ |
| issuedBy |
Executive Office of the President of the United States
ⓘ
surface form:
Executive Office of the President
|
| jurisdiction |
United States government
ⓘ
surface form:
federal government of the United States
|
| language | English ⓘ |
| legalStatus | revoked ⓘ |
| limited | automatic declassification of classified information ⓘ |
| modified |
procedures for derivative classification
ⓘ
procedures for original classification authority ⓘ |
| orderNumber | 12356 ⓘ |
| president | Ronald Reagan ⓘ |
| publication | Federal Register ⓘ |
| purpose | to establish a uniform system for classifying, safeguarding, and declassifying national security information ⓘ |
| relatedTo |
foreign relations of the United States
ⓘ
information security ⓘ national defense ⓘ |
| replaced | Executive Order 12065 ⓘ |
| replacedPolicyOn | national security information classification system ⓘ |
| revokedBy | Executive Order 12958 ⓘ |
| setsOut | criteria for classifying information as Top Secret, Secret, or Confidential ⓘ |
| signedBy | Ronald Reagan ⓘ |
| signingDate | 1982-04-02 ⓘ |
| subject |
classification of information
ⓘ
declassification of information ⓘ national security information ⓘ safeguarding of classified information ⓘ |
| supersededBy | Executive Order 12958 ⓘ |
| title | National Security Information ⓘ |
| typeOfDocument | presidential directive ⓘ |
| yearOfIssue | 1982 ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Executive Order 12356 Description of subject: Executive Order 12356 was a U.S. presidential directive issued by Ronald Reagan in 1982 that established the system for classifying, safeguarding, and declassifying national security information.
Referenced by (2)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.