Cordilleran languages
E135950
Cordilleran languages are a subgroup of Austronesian languages spoken primarily in the mountainous Cordillera region of northern Luzon in the Philippines.
All labels observed (8)
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T1199544 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Cordilleran languages Context triple: [Philippine–Cordilleran languages, hasSubgroup, Cordilleran languages]
-
A.
Chinookan languages
Chinookan languages are a group of Native American languages traditionally spoken along the lower Columbia River in present-day Oregon and Washington.
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B.
Hokan languages
Hokan languages are a proposed but controversial grouping of several Native American language families of the western United States and Mexico that share certain typological and lexical similarities.
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C.
Siouan languages
Siouan languages are a family of Indigenous languages of North America historically spoken by numerous Native American peoples across the Great Plains, Midwest, and Southeast.
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D.
Puebloan languages
Puebloan languages are a group of Native American languages traditionally spoken by the Pueblo peoples of the Southwestern United States, including languages such as Keresan, Tanoan, and Zuni.
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E.
Nahuan languages
The Nahuan languages are a branch of the Uto-Aztecan language family that includes Nahuatl and related indigenous languages historically spoken by the Aztecs and other peoples of central Mexico.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Cordilleran languages Target entity description: Cordilleran languages are a subgroup of Austronesian languages spoken primarily in the mountainous Cordillera region of northern Luzon in the Philippines.
-
A.
Chinookan languages
Chinookan languages are a group of Native American languages traditionally spoken along the lower Columbia River in present-day Oregon and Washington.
-
B.
Hokan languages
Hokan languages are a proposed but controversial grouping of several Native American language families of the western United States and Mexico that share certain typological and lexical similarities.
-
C.
Siouan languages
Siouan languages are a family of Indigenous languages of North America historically spoken by numerous Native American peoples across the Great Plains, Midwest, and Southeast.
-
D.
Puebloan languages
Puebloan languages are a group of Native American languages traditionally spoken by the Pueblo peoples of the Southwestern United States, including languages such as Keresan, Tanoan, and Zuni.
-
E.
Nahuan languages
The Nahuan languages are a branch of the Uto-Aztecan language family that includes Nahuatl and related indigenous languages historically spoken by the Aztecs and other peoples of central Mexico.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (49)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
Austronesian language subgroup
ⓘ
language family ⓘ |
| areRelatedTo |
Cagayan Valley languages
ⓘ
Ilocano language ⓘ
surface form:
Ilokano language
other Northern Luzon languages ⓘ |
| areSpokenBy |
Igorot
ⓘ
surface form:
Igorot peoples
indigenous peoples of the Cordillera ⓘ |
| geographicDistribution | mountainous areas of northern Luzon ⓘ |
| hasLinguisticFeature |
Austronesian alignment (Philippine-type voice system)
ⓘ
complex verbal affixation ⓘ generally verb-initial word order ⓘ rich focus/voice morphology ⓘ use of case-marking particles ⓘ |
| hasWritingSystem | Latin script ⓘ |
| includesLanguage |
Adasen language
ⓘ
Ifugao languages ⓘ
surface form:
Ayangan Ifugao language
Balangao language ⓘ Batad Ifugao language ⓘ Bontok language ⓘ Central Bontok language ⓘ Ga'dang language (if classified as Cordilleran in some sources) ⓘ Ibaloy language ⓘ Ifugao languages ⓘ Iwak language ⓘ Kalanguya language ⓘ Kallahan languages ⓘ Kankanaey language ⓘ Kankanaey language ⓘ
surface form:
Kankanaey language (Northern Kankanaey)
Kankanaey language ⓘ
surface form:
Kankanaey language (Southern Kankanaey)
Karao language ⓘ Keley-i language ⓘ Northern Kankanaey language ⓘ Kankanaey language ⓘ
surface form:
Southern Kankanaey language
Batad Ifugao language ⓘ
surface form:
Tuwali Ifugao language
Yattuka language ⓘ |
| partOf |
Malayo-Polynesian languages
ⓘ
Philippine Austronesian languages ⓘ
surface form:
Philippine subgroup of Austronesian
|
| primaryCountries | Philippines ⓘ |
| region | Cordillera Administrative Region ⓘ |
| spokenIn |
Cordillera mountain region
ⓘ
surface form:
Cordillera region
Luzon ⓘ Philippines ⓘ northern Luzon ⓘ |
| status |
many are minority languages
ⓘ
some are endangered ⓘ |
| subclassOf |
Austronesian languages
ⓘ
Philippine languages ⓘ |
| usedFor |
local education and community communication in some areas
ⓘ
oral tradition in the Cordillera region ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Cordilleran languages Description of subject: Cordilleran languages are a subgroup of Austronesian languages spoken primarily in the mountainous Cordillera region of northern Luzon in the Philippines.
Referenced by (19)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
this entity surface form:
Central Cordilleran languages
this entity surface form:
Southern Cordilleran languages
this entity surface form:
Cordilleran language group
this entity surface form:
Southern Cordilleran languages
this entity surface form:
South-Central Cordilleran languages
this entity surface form:
Cordilleran language continuum
this entity surface form:
Southern Cordilleran languages
this entity surface form:
Cordilleran ethnolinguistic group
this entity surface form:
South-Central Cordilleran languages
this entity surface form:
South-Central Cordilleran languages