Lupercalia
E125233
Lupercalia was an ancient Roman fertility and purification festival, held in mid-February and traditionally linked to the legendary founders Romulus and Remus.
All labels observed (2)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Lupercalia canonical | 6 |
| Roman festival Lupercalia | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T1083900 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Lupercalia Context triple: [Romulus and Remus, associatedRitual, Lupercalia]
-
A.
Vulcanalia
Vulcanalia was an ancient Roman religious festival held in honor of Vulcan, the god of fire and metalworking, typically observed with rituals aimed at averting destructive fires.
-
B.
Anthesteria
Anthesteria was an ancient Athenian festival of Dionysus celebrating the new wine, fertility, and the spirits of the dead over three days each spring.
-
C.
Marialis Cultus
Marialis Cultus is an apostolic exhortation issued by Pope Paul VI in 1974 that provides guidelines for the proper renewal and practice of devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary in the Catholic Church.
-
D.
Panathenaea
The Panathenaea was the principal religious and civic festival of ancient Athens, featuring processions, sacrifices, athletic and musical contests, and the celebration of the city’s patron goddess Athena.
-
E.
Festival of Spring
Festival of Spring is a vibrant Hindu festival celebrated with colored powders, music, and dancing to mark the arrival of spring and the triumph of good over evil.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Lupercalia Target entity description: Lupercalia was an ancient Roman fertility and purification festival, held in mid-February and traditionally linked to the legendary founders Romulus and Remus.
-
A.
Vulcanalia
Vulcanalia was an ancient Roman religious festival held in honor of Vulcan, the god of fire and metalworking, typically observed with rituals aimed at averting destructive fires.
-
B.
Anthesteria
Anthesteria was an ancient Athenian festival of Dionysus celebrating the new wine, fertility, and the spirits of the dead over three days each spring.
-
C.
Marialis Cultus
Marialis Cultus is an apostolic exhortation issued by Pope Paul VI in 1974 that provides guidelines for the proper renewal and practice of devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary in the Catholic Church.
-
D.
Panathenaea
The Panathenaea was the principal religious and civic festival of ancient Athens, featuring processions, sacrifices, athletic and musical contests, and the celebration of the city’s patron goddess Athena.
-
E.
Festival of Spring
Festival of Spring is a vibrant Hindu festival celebrated with colored powders, music, and dancing to mark the arrival of spring and the triumph of good over evil.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (49)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
ancient Roman festival
ⓘ
fertility festival ⓘ purification festival ⓘ religious festival ⓘ |
| approximateDate | February 15 ⓘ |
| associatedWith |
Faunus
ⓘ
Lupercus ⓘ Remus ⓘ Romulus ⓘ she-wolf of the Lupercal ⓘ |
| calendarContext | Roman religious calendar ⓘ |
| culture |
Roman Antiquity
ⓘ
surface form:
Ancient Rome
|
| era |
Roman Empire
ⓘ
Roman Republic ⓘ |
| function |
ensure fertility of women
ⓘ
protect herds and flocks ⓘ purify the city ⓘ |
| laterInterpretations | connected by some authors to origins of Valentine’s Day ⓘ |
| linkedTo |
Lupercal cave
ⓘ
founding of Rome ⓘ |
| location | Rome ⓘ |
| mentionedBy |
Livy
ⓘ
Ovid ⓘ Plutarch ⓘ |
| mythologicalContext | legend of Romulus and Remus ⓘ |
| priesthood |
Luperci Fabiani
ⓘ
surface form:
Luperci
Luperci Fabiani ⓘ Luperci Fabiani ⓘ
surface form:
Luperci Iulii
Luperci Fabiani ⓘ
surface form:
Luperci Quinctiliani
|
| primaryThemes |
fertility
ⓘ
protection of flocks ⓘ purification ⓘ |
| religiousTradition | Roman paganism ⓘ |
| ritualActivities |
animal sacrifice
ⓘ
dog sacrifice ⓘ goat sacrifice ⓘ ritual feasting ⓘ running of Luperci around the Palatine ⓘ smearing of blood on foreheads of youths ⓘ striking bystanders with goat-skin thongs ⓘ wiping blood with wool dipped in milk ⓘ |
| ritualObjects |
blood
ⓘ
goat-skin thongs ⓘ milk-soaked wool ⓘ |
| suppressedBy | Christian authorities ⓘ |
| suppression | late 5th century CE ⓘ |
| timeOfYear | mid-February ⓘ |
| venue |
Lupercal
ⓘ
surface form:
Lupercal cave on the Palatine Hill
Palatine Hill ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Lupercalia Description of subject: Lupercalia was an ancient Roman fertility and purification festival, held in mid-February and traditionally linked to the legendary founders Romulus and Remus.
Referenced by (7)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
this entity surface form:
Roman festival Lupercalia
subject surface form:
Ovid’s Fasti