Battle of Cartagena de Indias
E108108
The Battle of Cartagena de Indias was a major 1741 amphibious assault in present-day Colombia where Spanish forces decisively repelled a large British fleet, shaping the balance of colonial power in the Caribbean.
All labels observed (2)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Battle of Cartagena de Indias canonical | 6 |
| Battle of Cartagena de Indias (1741) | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T884102 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Battle of Cartagena de Indias Context triple: [War of Jenkins' Ear, hasPart, Battle of Cartagena de Indias]
-
A.
Battle of Cape Spada
The Battle of Cape Spada was a World War II naval engagement in July 1940 near Crete, in which Allied destroyers and cruisers ambushed and defeated an Italian cruiser force in the Mediterranean.
-
B.
Battle of Zama
The Battle of Zama was the decisive 202 BCE clash in North Africa where Roman general Scipio Africanus defeated Carthaginian commander Hannibal, effectively ending Carthage’s power in the western Mediterranean.
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C.
Battle of Cape Spartivento
The Battle of Cape Spartivento was a World War II naval engagement in the Mediterranean Sea between British-led Allied forces and the Italian Regia Marina in November 1940.
-
D.
Battle of Lagos
The Battle of Lagos was a 1759 naval engagement in which the British fleet decisively defeated the French off the coast of Portugal, helping secure British control of the seas during the Seven Years' War.
-
E.
Battle of Otumba
The Battle of Otumba was a pivotal 1520 engagement in central Mexico where Hernán Cortés’s outnumbered Spanish and allied Indigenous forces defeated a large Aztec army, helping to secure the eventual fall of the Aztec Empire.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Battle of Cartagena de Indias Target entity description: The Battle of Cartagena de Indias was a major 1741 amphibious assault in present-day Colombia where Spanish forces decisively repelled a large British fleet, shaping the balance of colonial power in the Caribbean.
-
A.
Battle of Cape Spada
The Battle of Cape Spada was a World War II naval engagement in July 1940 near Crete, in which Allied destroyers and cruisers ambushed and defeated an Italian cruiser force in the Mediterranean.
-
B.
Battle of Zama
The Battle of Zama was the decisive 202 BCE clash in North Africa where Roman general Scipio Africanus defeated Carthaginian commander Hannibal, effectively ending Carthage’s power in the western Mediterranean.
-
C.
Battle of Cape Spartivento
The Battle of Cape Spartivento was a World War II naval engagement in the Mediterranean Sea between British-led Allied forces and the Italian Regia Marina in November 1940.
-
D.
Battle of Lagos
The Battle of Lagos was a 1759 naval engagement in which the British fleet decisively defeated the French off the coast of Portugal, helping secure British control of the seas during the Seven Years' War.
-
E.
Battle of Otumba
The Battle of Otumba was a pivotal 1520 engagement in central Mexico where Hernán Cortés’s outnumbered Spanish and allied Indigenous forces defeated a large Aztec army, helping to secure the eventual fall of the Aztec Empire.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (48)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
amphibious assault
ⓘ
battle ⓘ siege ⓘ |
| alsoKnownAs | Siege of Cartagena de Indias (1741) ⓘ |
| attacker |
British expeditionary forces
ⓘ
surface form:
British expeditionary force
Royal Navy ⓘ
surface form:
Royal Navy fleet
|
| belligerent |
Kingdom of Great Britain
ⓘ
Spain ⓘ Spanish Empire ⓘ |
| casualtiesAndLosses |
significant British ship losses and damage
ⓘ
thousands of British soldiers and sailors killed or incapacitated ⓘ |
| cause |
British attempt to capture a key Spanish colonial port
ⓘ
British effort to control Caribbean trade routes ⓘ |
| commander |
Blas de Lezo
ⓘ
Edward Vernon ⓘ Sebastián de Eslava ⓘ Thomas Wentworth ⓘ |
| conflictIn | War of Jenkins' Ear ⓘ |
| countryAtTime | Spanish Empire ⓘ |
| defender | Spanish garrison of Cartagena ⓘ |
| defensiveStructureUsed |
Castillo San Felipe de Barajas
ⓘ
city walls of Cartagena de Indias ⓘ |
| endDate | 1741-05-20 ⓘ |
| hasPart |
Assaults on Castillo San Felipe de Barajas
ⓘ
Siege of Fort San Luis de Bocachica ⓘ |
| hasParticipant |
British Army troops
ⓘ
Royal Navy ⓘ Spanish Navy ⓘ Spanish colonial militia ⓘ |
| location |
Cartagena, Colombia
ⓘ
surface form:
Cartagena de Indias
Viceroyalty of New Granada ⓘ present-day Colombia ⓘ |
| militaryOperationType |
land battle
ⓘ
naval battle ⓘ siege warfare ⓘ |
| notableFor |
decisive Spanish defense against a larger British force
ⓘ
heavy British losses from combat and disease ⓘ one of the largest amphibious operations of the 18th century ⓘ |
| partOf |
18th-century conflicts in the Caribbean
ⓘ
Anglo-Spanish War (1739–1748) ⓘ |
| result | Spanish victory ⓘ |
| startDate | 1741-03-13 ⓘ |
| strategicConsequence |
checked British expansion in Spanish America
ⓘ
maintained Spanish dominance in parts of the Caribbean ⓘ preserved Spanish control of Cartagena de Indias ⓘ |
| theater |
Caribbean Sea
ⓘ
Spanish West Indies ⓘ
surface form:
Spanish Main
|
| year | 1741 ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Battle of Cartagena de Indias Description of subject: The Battle of Cartagena de Indias was a major 1741 amphibious assault in present-day Colombia where Spanish forces decisively repelled a large British fleet, shaping the balance of colonial power in the Caribbean.
Referenced by (7)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
subject surface form:
Edward Vernon
this entity surface form:
Battle of Cartagena de Indias (1741)