Great Storm of 1913
E1039954
The Great Storm of 1913 was a catastrophic early-November blizzard and hurricane-force windstorm on the Great Lakes that caused massive shipwrecks and loss of life, making it one of the deadliest natural disasters in the region’s maritime history.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Great Storm of 1913 canonical | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T13410427 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Great Storm of 1913 Context triple: [Great Lakes shipwrecks, associatedWith, Great Storm of 1913]
-
A.
Great Flood of 1879
The Great Flood of 1879 was a catastrophic inundation of the city of Szeged in Hungary that destroyed most of the town and prompted a major reconstruction.
-
B.
Great Storm of 1287
The Great Storm of 1287 was a devastating medieval North Sea storm that reshaped coastlines in England and the Low Countries, causing widespread flooding, destruction of towns, and significant loss of life.
-
C.
Great New England Hurricane of 1938
The Great New England Hurricane of 1938 was a devastating Category 3 storm that struck the northeastern United States, causing widespread destruction and deadly flooding across New England.
-
D.
The Great Flood of 1852
The Great Flood of 1852 was a catastrophic inundation of the Murrumbidgee River that devastated the Australian town of Gundagai, causing extensive loss of life and prompting the town’s relocation to higher ground.
-
E.
Great Johnstown Flood of 1889
The Great Johnstown Flood of 1889 was a catastrophic dam failure–induced deluge that devastated Johnstown, Pennsylvania, killing more than 2,200 people and becoming one of the deadliest and most infamous disasters in U.S. history.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Great Storm of 1913 Target entity description: The Great Storm of 1913 was a catastrophic early-November blizzard and hurricane-force windstorm on the Great Lakes that caused massive shipwrecks and loss of life, making it one of the deadliest natural disasters in the region’s maritime history.
-
A.
Great Flood of 1879
The Great Flood of 1879 was a catastrophic inundation of the city of Szeged in Hungary that destroyed most of the town and prompted a major reconstruction.
-
B.
Great Storm of 1287
The Great Storm of 1287 was a devastating medieval North Sea storm that reshaped coastlines in England and the Low Countries, causing widespread flooding, destruction of towns, and significant loss of life.
-
C.
Great New England Hurricane of 1938
The Great New England Hurricane of 1938 was a devastating Category 3 storm that struck the northeastern United States, causing widespread destruction and deadly flooding across New England.
-
D.
The Great Flood of 1852
The Great Flood of 1852 was a catastrophic inundation of the Murrumbidgee River that devastated the Australian town of Gundagai, causing extensive loss of life and prompting the town’s relocation to higher ground.
-
E.
Great Johnstown Flood of 1889
The Great Johnstown Flood of 1889 was a catastrophic dam failure–induced deluge that devastated Johnstown, Pennsylvania, killing more than 2,200 people and becoming one of the deadliest and most infamous disasters in U.S. history.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (49)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
Great Lakes storm
ⓘ
blizzard ⓘ extratropical cyclone ⓘ natural disaster ⓘ |
| affectedActivity | Great Lakes shipping ⓘ |
| alsoKnownAs |
Big Blow
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Freshwater Fury NERFINISHED ⓘ White Hurricane NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| cause |
collision of two major storm systems
ⓘ
intense low-pressure system over the Great Lakes ⓘ |
| consequence |
changes in Great Lakes shipping safety practices
ⓘ
increased attention to weather forecasting on the Great Lakes ⓘ |
| country |
Canada
ⓘ
United States of America ⓘ
surface form:
United States
|
| deathToll | more than 250 people ⓘ |
| endDate | 1913-11-10 ⓘ |
| hardestHitArea |
Lake Erie
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
southern and central Lake Huron ⓘ |
| hardestHitLake | Lake Huron NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| historicalSignificance |
benchmark storm for Great Lakes meteorology
ⓘ
major event in Great Lakes maritime history ⓘ |
| location |
Great Lakes
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Lake Erie NERFINISHED ⓘ Lake Huron NERFINISHED ⓘ Lake Michigan NERFINISHED ⓘ Lake Ontario NERFINISHED ⓘ Lake Superior NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| maximumWindSpeed | hurricane-force ⓘ |
| month | November 1913 ⓘ |
| notableShipwreck |
SS Argus
GENERATED
ⓘ
SS Charles S. Price GENERATED ⓘ SS Henry B. Smith GENERATED ⓘ SS Hydrus GENERATED ⓘ SS Isaac M. Scott GENERATED ⓘ SS James Carruthers GENERATED ⓘ SS John A. McGean GENERATED ⓘ SS Regina GENERATED ⓘ SS Wexford GENERATED ⓘ |
| recordHeld |
one of the deadliest Great Lakes storms in recorded history
ⓘ
one of the worst inland maritime disasters in North America ⓘ |
| season | late autumn ⓘ |
| shipwreckCount | over 30 ships sunk or stranded ⓘ |
| significantImpact |
heavy loss of life
ⓘ
massive shipwrecks ⓘ severe maritime damage ⓘ |
| startDate | 1913-11-07 ⓘ |
| weatherType |
blizzard conditions
ⓘ
gale-force winds ⓘ snowstorm ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Great Storm of 1913 Description of subject: The Great Storm of 1913 was a catastrophic early-November blizzard and hurricane-force windstorm on the Great Lakes that caused massive shipwrecks and loss of life, making it one of the deadliest natural disasters in the region’s maritime history.
Referenced by (1)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.