Ostwald process
E1025755
The Ostwald process is an industrial chemical method for producing nitric acid by catalytically oxidizing ammonia, fundamental to large-scale fertilizer and explosives manufacture.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Ostwald process canonical | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T13200170 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Ostwald process Context triple: [Wilhelm Ostwald, notableWork, Ostwald process]
-
A.
Haber–Bosch process
The Haber–Bosch process is an industrial chemical method for synthesizing ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen, enabling large-scale fertilizer production and revolutionizing global agriculture.
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B.
Rochow process
The Rochow process is an industrial chemical method for directly synthesizing organosilicon compounds, especially methylchlorosilanes used in silicone production, by reacting methyl chloride with silicon in the presence of a copper catalyst.
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C.
Claus process
The Claus process is an industrial chemical method used to recover elemental sulfur from hydrogen sulfide–rich gas streams, particularly in natural gas and petroleum refining operations.
-
D.
Reichstein process
The Reichstein process is an industrial chemical method for synthesizing vitamin C from glucose through a series of fermentation and chemical transformation steps.
-
E.
Hall–Héroult process
The Hall–Héroult process is the primary industrial method for producing aluminum by electrolytically reducing alumina dissolved in molten cryolite.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Ostwald process Target entity description: The Ostwald process is an industrial chemical method for producing nitric acid by catalytically oxidizing ammonia, fundamental to large-scale fertilizer and explosives manufacture.
-
A.
Haber–Bosch process
The Haber–Bosch process is an industrial chemical method for synthesizing ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen, enabling large-scale fertilizer production and revolutionizing global agriculture.
-
B.
Rochow process
The Rochow process is an industrial chemical method for directly synthesizing organosilicon compounds, especially methylchlorosilanes used in silicone production, by reacting methyl chloride with silicon in the presence of a copper catalyst.
-
C.
Claus process
The Claus process is an industrial chemical method used to recover elemental sulfur from hydrogen sulfide–rich gas streams, particularly in natural gas and petroleum refining operations.
-
D.
Reichstein process
The Reichstein process is an industrial chemical method for synthesizing vitamin C from glucose through a series of fermentation and chemical transformation steps.
-
E.
Hall–Héroult process
The Hall–Héroult process is the primary industrial method for producing aluminum by electrolytically reducing alumina dissolved in molten cryolite.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (47)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
industrial chemical process
ⓘ
nitric acid production process ⓘ |
| byProduct | water ⓘ |
| catalyst |
platinum
ⓘ
rhodium ⓘ |
| category |
nitrogen industry process
ⓘ
oxidation process ⓘ |
| dependsOn | Haber–Bosch process NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| developedBy | Wilhelm Ostwald NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| developedInYear | 1902 ⓘ |
| economicImportance | major source of nitric acid worldwide ⓘ |
| enables |
mass production of nitrate-based explosives
ⓘ
mass production of nitrogen fertilizers ⓘ |
| environmentalImpact | NOx emissions ⓘ |
| feedstockFor |
ammonium nitrate production
ⓘ
calcium ammonium nitrate production ⓘ nitrophosphate fertilizers ⓘ |
| field |
chemical engineering
ⓘ
industrial chemistry ⓘ |
| hasStep |
absorption of nitrogen dioxide in water to form nitric acid
ⓘ
catalytic oxidation of ammonia to nitric oxide ⓘ oxidation of nitric oxide to nitrogen dioxide ⓘ |
| industrialUse |
explosives manufacture
ⓘ
fertilizer production ⓘ |
| inputFrom | ammonia produced by Haber–Bosch process ⓘ |
| keyIntermediate |
nitric oxide
ⓘ
nitrogen dioxide ⓘ |
| mitigation | tail-gas treatment for NOx removal ⓘ |
| namedAfter | Wilhelm Ostwald NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| operatesAtPressure | about 4–10 atm ⓘ |
| operatesAtTemperature | about 800–950 °C ⓘ |
| produces |
nitric acid
ⓘ
nitric oxide ⓘ nitrogen dioxide ⓘ |
| reactionType | heterogeneous catalytic oxidation ⓘ |
| recycles | nitric oxide ⓘ |
| relatedProcess | Haber–Bosch process NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| requires |
excess air
ⓘ
high temperature-resistant catalyst gauze ⓘ |
| safetyConcern |
emission of nitrogen oxides
ⓘ
handling of hot oxidizing gas mixtures ⓘ |
| stoichiometry |
2 NO + O2 → 2 NO2
ⓘ
3 NO2 + H2O → 2 HNO3 + NO ⓘ 4 NH3 + 5 O2 → 4 NO + 6 H2O ⓘ |
| usedIn | large-scale nitric acid plants ⓘ |
| usesReactant |
ammonia
ⓘ
oxygen ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Ostwald process Description of subject: The Ostwald process is an industrial chemical method for producing nitric acid by catalytically oxidizing ammonia, fundamental to large-scale fertilizer and explosives manufacture.
Referenced by (1)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.